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Period: Dec 3, 1533 to
Reign of Ivan the Terrible
Ivan managed countless changes in the progression from a medieval nation state to an empire and emerging regional power, and became the first ruler to be crowned as Tsar of All Russia. -
Period: Jan 16, 1556 to
Reign of Phillip II
Under Phillips rule, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, directing explorations all around the world and settling the colonization of territories in all the known continents -
Aug 15, 1572
St. Barholomew's Day Massacre
was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence, both directed against the Huguenots, during the French Wars of Religion. -
Period: to
Reign of Henry of Navarre
One of the most popular French kings, both during and after his reign, Henry showed great care for the welfare of his subjects and displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the time. He was assassinated by a Catholic, François Ravaillac. -
Signing of the edict of Nantes.
The Edict of Nantes, issued on April 13, 1598, by Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. -
Restoration of English Crown
This happened under the rule of King Charles II. -
Period: to
Reign of James I
He laid much of the groundwork that would eventually lead to the beheading of his heir Charles I during the English Civil War, but because of his political skills, his rule was relatively stable. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIII
Louis is remembered for the establishment of the Académie française and participation in the Thirty Years War against the House of Habsburg. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part. -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King's "Chief Minister." As a result, he is considered to be the world's first Prime Minister, in the modern sense of the term. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
Charles tried to make a religious reform upon Scotland which led to the bishop wars, and that gave the parlaments more power -
Period: to
English Civil War
It was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIV
Louis began personally governing France in 1661 after the death of his prime minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin. An adherent of the theory of the divine right of kings, which advocates the divine origin and lack of temporal restraint of monarchical rule, Louis continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralized state governed from the capital. -
Signing of the Peace of Westphalia
The treaties ended the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years War between Spain and the Dutch Republic. -
Period: to
Oliver Cromwell
After he killed king Charles I, he became the ruler of England, Scotland, and Ireland. -
Louis XIV assumes full control of France
Louis XIV assumes full control of France after the death of prime minister Mazarin -
Period: to
Reign of Peter the Great
He carried out a policy of modernization and expansion that transformed Russia into a 3-billion acre Russian Empire, and a major European power. -
Period: to
Palace at Versailless started / ended
Was the center of polical power in france until the royal family was forced to return to the capital. -
Glorious Revolution
The goal was to was the overthrow of King James II of England. -
English Bill of Rights
These ideas about rights reflected those of the political thinker John Locke and they quickly became popular in England. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
Fought among several European powers, principally the Spanish loyal to Archduke Charles, the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Portugal and the Duchy of Savoy against the Spanish loyal to Philip V, France and the Electorate of Bavaria over a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch. -
Period: to
Reign of Frederick the Great
Frederick's goal was to modernize and unite his vulnerably disconnected lands; toward this end, he fought wars mainly against Austria, whose Habsburg dynasty reigned as Holy Roman Emperors almost continuously from the 15th century until 1806. -
Period: to
Reign of Maria Theresa
Prussia proceeded to invade the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia, sparking a nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession. Which she lost the battle to them.
