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  In 1408, Donatello commissioned the marble statue of David. Later in the 1440s he will create a freestanding bronze statue of David.
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  Gutenburg invents the first movable printing press. This leads to the ability to mass print many copies of books. Also leads to increases of education.
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  Ottoman Empire takes control of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) empire. This led to the end of the Roman Empire.
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  The Hundred Year's War ends. Bordeaux surrended, leaving Calais as the last English possesion in France.
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  Da Vinci begins the work he will inevitably be known for. Mona Lisa was never finished
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  Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine chapel. This painting becomes a cornerstone of art.
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  Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513. However, the book isn't published until 1532.
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  Luther posts his 95 Thesis which has Luther's 95 problems with the church. This began the start of the Protestant reformation.
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  Henry VIII has Anne Boleyn executed. This allows Henry to have a son with Jane Seymour.
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  Edward VI is born and is the only son of Henry VIII. The significance is that the Anglican Church becomes solidified under him.
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  Ignatious of Loyola starts the order of priests. This refocuses the church on education.
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  Mary I is the only Catholic daughter of Henry VIII.
The significance is the start of the reign of "Bloody Mary". - 
  
  Elizabeth I is the only Anglican daughter of Henry and becomes queen. The significance is the beginning of an Elizabethan age.
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  Shakespeare dies.