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Feb 24, 1516
Charles V
o In1516 Ferdinand and Isabella’s grandson Charles first became king of Spain and thereby ruler of the Spanish colonies in the Americas as well. Ferdinand became the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands after his grandfather died in 1519. He fought to suppress Protestantism in the German states after years of religious conflict Charles was force to allow the German princess to choose her own religion. That’swhy later the princess of Germany was happy of choosing her religion she a -
Oct 7, 1571
battle of Lepanto
o At the battle of Lepanto in 1571, Spain and it Italian allies soundly defeated an Ottoman fleet off the coast of Greece. Phillip fought many wars as he attempted to advance the Spanish catholic power while the Ottorman Empire continued to pose a threat to European control of the region. The Ottoman Empire would remain a major power in the Mediterranean region for three centuries; Christians still hailed the great victory and a demonstration of Spain’s power. During the last of his reign, Phili -
Aug 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew’s Day
o The worst incident began on St. Bartholomew’s Day august 24, 1572. It was while Huguenot and Catholic nobles were gathered for the royal wedding of the queen. The catholic royals led to massacre of 3000 Huguenots. In the next days St. Bartholomew’s Days Massacre symbolized the complete breakdown of order in France. -
Spanish Armada sailed
o In 1588 the Spanish Armada sailed with more the130 ships, 2000 men, and 2400 pieces of artillery. While the Armada waited in for the Pamarda army they got an attack from the English army. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the end of Spanish power. The reason for the decline was that Phillip the second successors ruled far less ably the he had. -
Death of Queen Elizabeth
o Elizabeth died childless in 1603. Her heir was her relative James Stuart the ruling king of Scotland. Her relatives were neither of popular as the Tudors nor as skillful in dealing with parliament. They also inherited problems that Henry and Elizabeth had long time to fix it. Elizabeth was a really good person and everyone mostly liked her. -
Louis X111 inherited the throne
o Henry 1V was killed by an assassin in 1610 his nine year old son, Louis X111 inherited the throne. When all of that happened the nobles reasserted their power. Later after a few years of throne Louis appointed Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister. The capable leader devoted the next 18 years to strengthing the central government. Henry was the best leader for them and good for that to happen. -
Charles I Inherited the Throne
o In 1625 Charles 1 inherited the throne. Like his father did he behave like an absolute monarch. The people were all impressed by his actions like squeezing the nation for money. Also he imprisoned his foes without trial. His goal and what he needed for his empire was raising the taxes for everyone. That’s how Charles had to respond to the parliaments. -
Peace of Westphalia
• In 1648, the exhausted combatants accepted a series of treaties, known as the “Peace of Westphalia”. Because so many powers had been involved in the conflict, the treaties aspired both to bring about a general European peace and to settle other international problems. From the combats, France emerged a clear winner, gaining territory on both its Spanish and German frontiers. The Hapsburgs were not so fortunate. They had to accept the almost total independence of all the Holy RomanEmpire. -
Parliament passed a law
In 1652 Parliament passed a law exiling most Catholics to barren land in the west of Ireland. Any catholic disobeying the orders could be killed on sight. Many people when they crossed the law they got punish doing stuff they really could get killed. The hurtful thing is that they are getting in so much work and hard to do not easy so they don’t trespass the law again. -
• Peter took the throne in 1682
• Peter, being 10 years old, took the throne in 1682, did not take control of the government until 1989. Although he was not well educated, the young tsar was immensely curious. He spent many hours in the Moscow neighborhood where many Dutch, Scottish, English, and other foreign artisans and soldiers lived. There, he heard of the new technology that was helping Western European monarchs forge powerful empires. -
Phillip V inherited the throne
o In1700 Louis grandson Phillip V inherited the throne of Spain. To maintain the balance of power neighboring nations led by England fought to prevent the union of France and Spain. This successful war of the Spanish dragged on until France signed the Treaty of Utrecht. -
Peter began a long war
• In 1700, peter began a long war against the kingdom of Sweden, which at the time, dominated the Baltic region. Early on, Russia suffered humiliating defeats. Undaunted, peter rebuilt his army modeling it after European armies. Finally, in 1709, he defeated the swedes and won territory along the Baltic Sea. On this land won from Sweden, Peter built a magnificent new capital city, St. Petersburg. -
Frederick William I
• Frederick William I was a Prussian ruler who came to power upon the death of his father in 1713. He gained the loyalty of the Prussian nobles, by giving them positions in the army and government. Frederick William made sure that, from an early age, his son Frederick was trained in the art of war. While young Frederick II preferred playing the flute and writing poetry. His father despised these pursuits and treated and the young prince so badly he tried to flee the country. Fredericks harsh mil -
Peter dies leaving a legacy
• When Peter died in 1725, he left a mixed legacy. He expanded Russian territory, gained ports o the Baltic Sea, and created a mighty army. He also ended Russia’s long period of isolation. Many of Peter’s ambitious reforms died with him. Nobles soon ignored his policy of service to the state. Like earlier tsars, Peter The Great had used terror to enforce his absolute power. -
Russian Rise as European power
• By 1750, the great European powers included Austria, Prussia, France, Britain, and Russia. These nations formed various alliances to maintain the balance of power. Prussia battled Austria for control of the German states, while Britain and France competed to develop their overseas empires. On occasion, these rivalries resulted in worldwide conflict. The Seven Years’ War, for example, which lasted from 1756 until 1763, was fought on four continents.
