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The 13 colonies
England fought a war with France, to seize its colonies in America, England was able to take part of Canada but he forbade its settlers to populate the conquered lands which caused disgust among them. For this reason in 1775 the war of independence led by George Washington took place and a year later the Declaration of Independence was announced. -
Illustration
The content of the encyclopedia was able to influenced the leaders of the main political revolutions of the seventeenth century. The eighteenth century was for Europe a time of great political, economic and cultural changes, because the absolute power of the monarchy was overthrown by the French Revolution. So, England displaced Spain as the axis of the world economic system. -
Cadiz Constitution
After the arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte to power, this began an expansion of the French Empire by Europe, invading Spain in 1804 causing a crisis in the Spanish monarchy and the convening of the Cortes Generales, taking into account representatives of the American colonies. From these courts arises the Constitution of Cadiz, which established sovereignty in the nation, the limitation of the powers of the king, etc. In addition, it incorporated Spanish citizenship for all those born in America. -
Mexico´s independence
Mexico began its independence movement with the Grito de Dolores, on September 16, 1810, until the triumph of the Revolution and declaration of total independence of the Spanish Empire on February 24, 1821, in this way the Spaniards were expelled and the leader military, Iturbide, announced the Plan de Iguala. -
Social inequality
Carlos I of Spain ordered that the natives were treated like subjects of the king. Despite this, the three centuries of Spanish colonialism were characterized by social inequality, marginalization and racism. The colonial economy rested on indigenous labor. During the festivals the indigenous people had to pay the tribute, which consisted of land products. -
Creole
The Creoles or children of Spaniards born in America could not occupy the same positions as the peninsulares and their participation was scarce, they looked for the diminution of the taxes and a commercial opening with other powers -
Plan de Iguala
This offered an independence, maintaining the economic and social system that prevailed at that time. This plan was attractive to the Central American oligarchies, to preserve their privileges, so after proclaiming independence, decided to promote the annexation to Mexico. -
Independence
To avoid an armed insurrection, the Central American elites proclaimed the independence of Spain. This independence was not absolute, because the new governors felt insecure and decided to annex Mexico. -
Annex to Mexico
Mexico was ruled by Agustín de Iturbide, son of a Spanish landowner and a Creole nobleman, was the main architect of the independence of Mexico. He put an end to three centuries of Spanish domination; Augustine I was proclaimed in 1821; in 1823 he was forced to abdicate and the following year he was assassinated by the republicans. After the fall of Iturbide in 1823, Central America separated from Mexico. -
Absolute independence
The Constituent Congress was convened to decide the political future of the provinces that had formed the Kingdom of Guatemala. The Congress approved on July 1, 1823 the absolute independence of Mexico, Spain or any other power. He also agreed that they formed a sovereign nation with the name of the United Provinces of Central America. -
End of the Federal Republic and the formation of the Central American republics.
Approximately 15 years after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Central America and the approval of its constitution, a process ended in which the union disintegrated and the states became independent republics. The Federal Republic failed for different reasons such as: state individualism, the struggle between El Salvador and Guatemala to get the federal capital, the absence of communication channels and the poverty of the states. -
Republic of Guatemala
By decree 15, by Rafael Carrera, the Republic of Guatemala emerges, and the possibility of the Central American union, which had been cracked, is abandoned. At the same time, Carrera signed a manifesto in which he justified his decision. Among other things, he pointed out that Guatemala had "a population superior to that of other republics of the old and the new world."
