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Done by Robert Hooke, including the use of the iris diagram. He kept detailed records of his observations.
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Martello Malpighi stated that all plants are built of chambers. ('Utricles')
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek described uni cellular organisms from his observations of a drop of stagnant rain water. He discovered more uni cellular organisms when looking at water soaked peppercorns.
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Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria from his observations on saliva.
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This was discovered by Rene Dutrochet
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Robert Brown noted that the cells of orchids he was observing contained a structure inside the shell. He called this the nucleus.
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Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann formulated a theory that all living matter is comprised of small units called cells.
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Rudolf Virchow stated that 'where a cell exists there must be a pre existing cell, just as the animal only arises from the animal and the plant only from a plant.'
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Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe produced the first oil immersion objectives. Images could be magnified over 1000x.
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Walther Flemming described mitosis from observations on living and stained cells.
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Built by Ernst Ruska. This paved the way for further development in this field. The details of internal cell structure was revealed using these technologies.
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Throughout the rest of the 20th and into the 21st century microscope technology has continued to progress to extreme lengths. This allows incredibly detailed study of cells.