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1436
Printing press by Gutenberg
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods and accelerated the process. Typically used for texts, the invention and global spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium.
This video explains the importance of the printing press:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcgdDiD5reM -
1452
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he also became known for his notebooks.
In this webpage you can see the his greatest inventions:
http://www.historyisnowmagazine.com/blog/2019/3/10/the-9-greatest-inventions-of-leonardo-da-vinci#.ZEOg2HZBxD8= -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
Here is a video with more information: https://youtu.be/n4zeaQJluLg -
1475
Michael Angelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, known as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art.
In this webpage you can see his greatest works:
https://news.artnet.com/opinion/michelangelos-10-most-popular-works-ranked-1144943 -
Period: 1475 to 1504
Catholic Kings´reign
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain.They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins. Spain was formed as a dynastic union of two crowns rather than a unitary state, as Castile and Aragon remained separate kingdoms until the Nueva Planta decrees.
Here is a video with more details: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g88lO1SLYJ0 -
1492
Discovery of America
In 1492, the navigator Christopher Columbus, funded by the Spanish Crown, sailed westward from Spain in hopes of finding a new sea route to South and Southeast Asia. Despite initially believing he had reached Asia, Columbus soon realised that he had happened upon a wholly new continent, the land we know now to be America.
This map shows the voyage of Colón : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Viajes_de_colon_en.svg/1200px-Viajes_de_colon_en.svg.png -
1494
Tordesillas Treaty
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.
This map shows the division of the territories:
https://vividmaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Tordesillas-1280x720.jpg -
Period: 1504 to 1555
Juana I of Castilla´s reign
Joanna, historically known as Joanna the Mad, was the nominal Queen of Castile from 1504 and Queen of Aragon from 1516 to her death in 1555. She was married by arrangement to Philip the Handsome, Archduke of Austria. -
1509
John Calvin
John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, including its doctrines of predestination and of God's absolute sovereignty in the salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation.
This video explains his life with more detail:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ivVAcg5pyI -
1517
Martin Luther 95 theses
The Ninety-five Theses was a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther. In the Theses, Luther claimed that the repentance required by Christ in order for sins to be forgiven involves inner spiritual repentance rather than merely external sacramental confession.
In this link you can read the 95 theses:
https://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html -
Period: 1519 to 1556
Carlos V´s reign
Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
Here is a map that shows the dominions of Charles V: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Habsburg_Empire_of_Charles_V.png/640px-Habsburg_Empire_of_Charles_V.png -
Period: 1527 to
Felipe II´s reign
Philip II, also known as Philip the Prudent, was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. The Spanish conquests of the Inca Empire and of the Philippines, named in his honor by Ruy López de Villalobos, were completed during his reign.
Here is a video wich explain his life with more details:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCGIftmV-gg -
1534
Henry VIII Act of Supremacy
The Acts of Supremacy are two acts passed by the Parliament of England in the 16th century that established the English monarchs as the head of the Church of England. The 1534 Act declared King Henry VIII and his successors as the Supreme Head of the Church, replacing the pope. The 1558 Act declared Queen Elizabeth I and her successors the Supreme Governor of the Church, a title that the British monarch still holds. -
1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent, now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. The Council issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by proponents of Protestantism.
This video explains it with more details:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwT35DULwLg -
Period: to
Felipe III´s reign
Philip III was King of Spain. As Philip II, he was also King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan from 1598 until his death in 1621.Although also known in Spain as Philip the Pious, his political reputation abroad has been largely negative.
This video explains his life with more detail:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCGIftmV-gg -
Velázquez
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the Baroque period. He began to paint in a precise tenebrist style, later developing a freer manner characterized by bold brushwork.
This webpage shows his most famous paintings:
https://learnodo-newtonic.com/diego-velazquez-famous-paintings -
Period: to
Felipe IV´s reign
Philip IV also called the Planet King, was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War. -
Period: to
Carlos II´s reign
Charles II was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651, and King of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. -
Spanish Succession War
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1715. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters, among them Spain, Austria, France, the Dutch Republic, Savoy and Great Britain.
This video explains better this war:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvkS3_TenSc -
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage.
This video explains the causes of the French Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBn7iWzrKoI
