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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Brown v. Board was a Supreme Court case where the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. [https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka] -
Public Law 88-164
Mental Retardation Facilities and Health Centers Construction Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-164) was passed and allowed the beginning of grants and research centers to combat mental retardation https://catalog.archives.gov/id/299883 -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This law brought education into the spotlight and represented a huge commitment to equal access to quality education. It gives funds to primary and secondary education for PD, instructional materials, and more.
[https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/] -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania lawsuit and decision
PARC v. Commonwealth was a lawsuit against the state law that allowed public schools to deny certain children education. It often denied those who were "too burdensome" to integrate into the classroom. [https://rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/] -
PL 93-112 (Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act)
This Act stated that individuals could not be denied access to programs based on their disability. It also helped connect special education and general education. Students can qualify for 504s even if they do not qualify for IEPs. [https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ocr/civilrights/resources/factsheets/504.pdf] -
Public Law 94-142
This law guaranteed a free appropriate public education to each child with a disability. Services were also put in place to help them succeed in public education.[https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html] -
Public Law 99-457
This law reauthorized the Education of the Handicapped Act that allowed federal funds to young special needs children and their families from birth on. This later was changed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/386771] -
Barnett v. Fairfax County Board of Education
This court case shows the significance of FAPE for all children as well as how important it is to consider finances in school programs. [https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/section-504-2/] -
PL 101-336 (Americans with Disabilities Act)
This act stated individuals with disabilities have civil rights. [https://adata.org/learn-about-ada] -
No Child Left Behind Act (Public Law 107-110)
This legislation was for all schoolchildren and required schools to prove their effectiveness by providing test scores. It was a reauthorization of ESEA of 1965. [https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html] -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
IDEA is the reauthorization of what was first passed in 1975 to fix some holes in the previous legislation. It provides rights and protects children with disabilities. [https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know] -
Henrico County School Board v. RT
This was about a child with autism who received tuition reimbursement when the public school system had failed to provide an appropriate educational program for their child. The money reimbursed was to send him to a private school where he began to grow and suceed almost immediately. [https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/henrico.rt.pwanalysis.htm] -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
After the Great Recession, President Obama helped pass a bill through Congress that gave money to American families and businesses that in turn ended the recession. Some of that money was spent on education and gave money to Head Start, special education programs, and more. [https://www.thebalance.com/arra-details-3306299] -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
This was another instance of old legislation (the Elementary and Secondary Education Act) that was reauthorized. President Obama adapted the already required standardized test students were given. [https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/every-student-succeeds-act-essa-what-you-need-to-know]