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Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther writing the "Ninety-five theses"
It marks the start of the European Reformation. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
The New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale -
1534
Act of Supremacy
The king was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England". -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
It was several rebellion taking place in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, insurgents were manifesting against the dissolution of monasteries and the Reformation.
The rebellions lasted 6 months -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
He was the son of Henry VII and Jane Seymour.
He became king at the young age of 9. -
1549
Book of Common Prayer
It was published under Edward VI's reign, the book was in English and was use during services of the Anglican Church. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
She is the daughter of Henry VII and Catherine of Aragon.
She succeeded the throne after her half-brother's death and became the first Queen of England at the age of 37. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary
Under the reign of Mary I, over 200 Protestants were burnt alive because at that time Protestantism was confined to secrecy.
Those who didn't went to stake were exile to the Continent, They are the "Marian exiles". -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
She was the daughter of Henry VII and Anne Boleyn.
She became Queen at 25 years old and was known as the Virgin Queen. -
1568
Civil war in Scotland
Mary Stuart who was the Queen of Scots and cousin of Elizabeth I, was involved in a civil war, then fled to England.
She was sheltered by the Queen of England but was imprisoned for 19 years, as she was a threat to Elizabeth I. -
1570
Regnans in Excelsis
It was a papal bull which is a text coming from the Pope.
It issued the excommunication (expelled from the church) of Elizabeth I and gave the right to Catholics to kill her stating that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. -
The Babington Plot
It was a plot of young Catholics wanting to kill Elizabeth and planned to put Mary Stuart on the throne.
The plot was discovered by the Queen's spymaster, who was able to decipher the coded letters between Mary Stuart and the Catholics. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
After discovering the plot against the Queen, she was sentenced to death in Fotheringham Castle.
Mary was executed, wearing a bright red dress representing the
colour of Catholic martyrs. -
Speech to the troops of Tilbury
Before the invasion of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth I gave a speech.
She stated that she has a natural body, meaning the body of a woman but as well as a political body denoting that she has what it takes to rule in this patriarchal society. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
England defeated the Spanish Armada as they have a material advantage such as the construction of new fleet, the invention of a new strategy which was a line battle.
It did not stop there, England also has a human advantage because they recruited so they had more sailors. -
James VI of Scotland and James I of England
After the death of Elizabeth I as she did not have a child, her heir was James the son of her cousin Mary Stuart, the Queen of Scots. -
The Gunpowder Plot
A conspiracy to eliminate the Parliament and James I by a small group of Catholics -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
It is the first permanent settlement which was named after James I. -
Period: to
The Starving Time
Out of the 500 colonists only 60 of them survived as there was a shortage of drinkable water, insufficient crops and conflicts with the Native Powhatan tribe.
Some colonists even turned to cannibalism. -
The King's James Bible
It is a new English translation of the Bible. -
Death of King James I
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Period: to
The reign of Charles I
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Petition of Rights
It is a document limiting the power of the monarchy. -
Three Resolutions
It is an act of open defiance. The members of the Parliament declared that anyone bringing in "Popery or Armenianism" was an enemy of the kingdom. -
Period: to
Personal Rule
After the act of defiance of the members of the Parliament, Charles I dissolved the Parliament and ruled the kingdom without calling a Parliament. -
The Grand Remonstrance
It is a document summarizing all the wrong doings of Charles I and concluded on revolutionary demands. -
Period: to
The First Civil War
It was a war between the Royalist and the Parliamentarians. -
The Battle of Naseby
This battle weakened the forces of the Royalists ans was one of the reason why they lost against the Parliamentarians. -
Period: to
The Second Civil War
It was a series of revolts in three countries which are the South of England, Wales and Scotland. -
Declaration of the Commonwealth
England was declared a "Commonwealth" governed by its people without a King. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
The Commonwealth did not last long for two reasons : The revolt in Ireland and Scotland that was repressed by Cromwell and issues with the Rump Parliamentarian. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
It is a period between two reigns -
King Charles I executed
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The Instrument of Government
England's first and only written constitution. -
Period: to
The Cromwell Protectorate
It was a military dictatorship. As the country did not have a King anymore Cromwell was appointed as Lord Protector which holds the power similar to a King. They also had Parliaments and a Council State. -
The Restoration
After Cromwell passed away, Charles II returned and was restored as a King.