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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henri VIII
Created the Church of England. Paved the way for Protestantism (Anglicism). -
1517
95 Theses
Martin Luther writing the 95 theses -
1517
Roman Catholic Church and its controversy : The Indulgences
An idulgence is a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins. The Catechism of the Catholic Church describes an indulgence as a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven. -
1526
Tyndale Bible
The tyndale bible refers to the translations of various books of the Bible by William Tyndale. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
The 1534 Act declared King Henry VIII and his successors as the Supreme Head of the Church, replacing the pope. -
1536
The Pilgrimage of Grace
The dissolution was interrupted by rellibions, in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, that lasted 6 months. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
He introduced the book of Common Prayer and Protestant Measures -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Elizabeth I
She is the very first queen regnant.
She restored catholicism in only 1 month and burn people who did not support her. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary
Protestantism was confined to secrecy
as heretics were burned (over 200
Protestants went to the stake) -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I and the elizabethan settlement.
At only 25, she will become the queen of England and stay in power for 45 years. Though she is in a tricky position, she wants catholicism and protestantism to merge. -
1559
Act of Supremacy 1559
Elizabeth I abolished the authority of the Pope and restored the authority of the Queen over the Church. -
1559
Act of Uniformity
The Queen parishes use of the Book of Common Prayer. People who were against it would be fined. -
1563
39 articles of faith
The doctrinal statement of the Church of England. With the Book of Common Prayer, they present the liturgy and doctrine of that church. -
1570
The Queen Elizabeth is excommunated.
After creating the Anglican church, the Pope's hostility grew and he decided to excommunate her (which means that she belongs to Hell) -
1581
The 1581 Act
It provided for the death penalty for any person converting or already Catholicism. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Queen Elizabeth decides to kill her cousin Mary, who is a menace to her: people wanted Mary to remplace Elizabeth. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Philip II attempted to invade England. However, it was a complete defeat. This victory has made The Queen Elizabeth even more powerful than she already was. -
Period: to
Reign of James I
Son of Mary Queen of Scots, he has been King of Scotland since 1567 and become King of England after Elizabeth I's death as he was the only legitimate heir. He was a strong believer in the rights of Kings. His reign was ruled by religious divisions, financial problems and issues with the Parliament. -
The Gunpowder Plot
Conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I, but the plot failed. The group was arrester and Guy Fawkes was harshly executed. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of modern Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
Charles I of England was a Stuart king who, like his father James I of England, viewed himself as a monarch with absolute power and a divine right to rule. -
Petition of rights
It was petition sent by the English Parliament to King Charles I complaining of a series of breaches of law. -
Period: to
Scottish Crisis
The introduction of the Book of Common Prayer in 1637 set Scotland aflame as the changes were unnaceptable for them. It generated a riot in St Giles' Cathedral in 1637 which would turn into a widespread rebellion "the bishops' war" when the Scottish National Covenant removed bishops. Charles called Parliament for the first time in 11 years, but dissolved it after 3 weeks: the short parliament. The Scots invaded England and were victorious & made Charles pay for the cost of the Scots Army. -
The Irish Rebellion
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 was an uprising by Catholics in Ireland, whose demands included an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and return of confiscated Catholic lands. -
The Grand Remonstrance
The Grand Remonstrance was a list of grievances presented to King Charles I of England by the English Parliament. -
Period: to
First civil war
Opposed the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. -
Declaration of war
On January 1642, Charles I marched into the House of Commons with his troops to arrest five members of the Parliament who were supposedly plotting against the Queen. It was a breach of privilege. Charles decided to left London for York. He then declared war against Parliament. -
The new model army sized the king
The House of Commons decided to disband the New Model Army without paying the soldiers what they were due. It led to mutiny and to the seizing of the King by the NMA. The war encouraged groups with radical ideas such as the NMA (religious and political radicalism influenced by the Levellers). The army then issued the "Agreement of the People" on November 1647 : no authority above parliament and elections. The Putney Debates discussed these demands but no agreement. -
Period: to
Second civil war
Charles I escaped from the Army Custody and allied himself with Scots to invade England and restore him on the throne. The 2nd Civil War was a series of revolts in the South of England, in Wales and in Scotland. Royalists were easily defeated. -
Commonwealth of England
Monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished,
England was then declared a Commonwealth. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
England was declared a republican "Commonwealth and Free State". During the early 1650s, attempts were made to incorporate Scotland and Ireland into the Commonwealth with England so that the three nations were ruled by a central government for the first time in British history1. The Commonwealth period lasted from 1649 to 1653. -
Charles I's execution
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Period: to
THE CROMWELLIAN PROTECTORATE
It was a military dictatorship, similar to a Monarchy but without a King but with Cromwell as "Lord Protector". Cromwell died in 1658, his son Richard replaced him but resigned after 6 months. It led to a period of Anarchy where 7 different governments ruled in less than a year. -
The Restoration
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda. It promised: a general amnesty, to continue religious toleration, to share power with Parliament in return for the restoration of monarchy. It worked and the King was restored on 29th May 1660. -
Period: to
The political Crisis
The Popish Plot of 1678 when the French tried to murder Charles II to replace him with his Catholic brother James II in order to restore Catholic ideas and absolute monarchy. The Parliament feared it would happen and it led to exclusion crisis from 1679 to 1681 when Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. They were trying to modify the rules of succession as well as the Divine Right of Kings. Charles decided to dissolve the Parliament. -
Period: to
Reign of James II
Accession to the throne Charles II died on 6 February 1685 from apoplexy, after supposedly converting to Catholicism on his deathbed. Having no legitimate children, he was succeeded by his brother James, who reigned in England and Ireland as James II and in Scotland as James VII. -
Period: to
Reign of William II and Mary II
Mary II was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. -
The bill of rights
The Bill of Rights 1689 was an act that declared the rights and liberties of the subjects and settled the succession of the crown in England. -
the act of settlement
The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns on Protestants only. It has regulated the succession to the throne of Great Britain since 1701. -
Period: to
war of the spanish succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire. -
Period: to
The reign of Anne
Anne reigned as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1702 and then, following the 1707 Act of Union, over a united kingdom as Queen of Great Britain until her death in 1714. The last of the Stuart monarchs, Anne's reign witnessed the Spanish War of Succession which helped Britain establish itself as a major world power. -
the 1707 act of union
The Act of Union 1707 was a treaty that united England and Scotland under the name of Great Britain. The treaty was based on the Articles of Union 1706, which laid out the terms and conditions of the union. The Act of Union also merged the English and Scottish Privy Councils and established a system of local administration in Scotland through justices of the peace. -
Period: to
the seven years' war
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. -
Act of union 1801
Act of Union was legislative agreement uniting Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland under the name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.