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Dred Scott v. Sandford
In 1846 Dredd Scott and his wife Harriet sued for their freedom. They claimed to be free because due to the state freedom laws and rules, they were free from slavery and other people didn't think so. But in this ruling stated that enslaved people were not actually people and not citizens of the united states. And could not expect any protection from the courts. Scott lost the case -
13th amendment
The 13th Amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War before the Southern states had been restored to the Union, and it should have been passed through congress easily, however, it was actually passed through the senate a year later. the 13th amendment eventually rounded up the issue with slavery but it did not completely stop it at the time. -
14th amendment
The 14th amendment granted everyone who was born in the U.S. with U.S. citizenship. It also included formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws. the amendment also authorized the government to punish states that abridged citizens' rights to vote. Congress then required confederate states to ratify this amendment to uphold federal representation. -
15th amendment
the 15th amendment enacted the fulfillment of all of the african american promises. they had been set free with the 14th and 13th and the 15th as they saw it was only one more step to becoming completely free and solving all issues. african americans already had the right to vote, and even held office jobs. so with the voting rights act of 1965 african americans had come a long way into the voting world. -
plessy v ferguson
the plessy v ferguson case was a popular one because of the fact that it created the doctrine “seperate but equal”. the court had ruled that racial segregation did not violate the u.s. constitution.therefore as long as the facilities has “equal locations” and equal facilities, it was allowed. they may not have been equal base on looks or opportunities, but under the law they were. -
19th amendment
the 19th amendment made it illegal for anyone to deny anyone the right to vote because of their sex. which ultimately gave women the right to vote. it was really introduced to congress in 1878 but it was really certified until 42 years later in the 1920s. it was a big step for women. -
Brown v Board
the brown v board of education of topeka was a very popular and life changing and society changing case. it ruled that u.s state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. even when the schools are established as “equal but separate”. which made it so that african americans could join white schools. it was a big change for everyone, especially people who didn’t agree. but it was a big step forward for the equality of african americans and other races -
jim crow era
the jim crow era was an era of lots of discrimination against african americans. white people would make fun of them, and mock them claiming things that are completely racist. white people would put on show dressed up as african americans and use characters to discriminate them from other races. it was really only the southern states -
civil rights act of 1964
this right signed in by Johnson on july 2, 1964, prohibited discrimination in public places, along with the integration of schools and other public facilities. it also allowed people to not use discrimination when it came to working in public places, denying the right to vote to someone. and it wasn’t allowed in federally assisted places as well. it was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since reconstruction. -
votings rights act 1965
this act was also signed in by president johnson. and it aimed to over legal barriers at the state and local levels that were ultimately preventing african americans from voting. this right excised the right for all african americans to vote freely and they had that right under the constitution. they got enough votes for it when the bill was passed 77 to 19. -
reed v reed
reed v reed was a big decision and big deal for the supreme court. it was a big landmark for administrators of estates not being able to discriminate between sexes. the court ruled that the dissimilar treatment of men and women was unconstitutional. the court struck down a state law on ground that it discriminated against women was also violation of the equal protection clause -
equal rights amendment
the equal rights amendment was the amendment that states that equality of rights under the law should not be denied to anyone by any state on account of the person sex. this meant that women actually had rights and wouldn’t have to reliant on their husband. women could own things without their spouse like property. and even employment. -
regents of the university of california v. bakke
Allan Bakke was rejected from UCMS because the school has reserved places for students that were apart of a minority. The court ruled that the use of racial quotas violated the Civil Rights Act, but the use of race in admissions decisions was permissible. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
this court case was very important and a big decision for the courts because they ruled in favor of bowers. This was a huge step for homosexual couples. This case talked about if homosexual sex was constitutional. Bowers was against it so the court actually ruled against it and said that it was not constitutionally right. That the right to privacy did not extend to "sodomy" -
american with disabilities act
the disabilities act is a civil rights law that prohibited the discrimination based on disability. meaning that no one could discriminate someone because of what disability they had while working, public places, public facilities, and other things. it also created programs form people with disabilities from the government that helped them with certain things. it also can help families with disabilities and how to make their life as normal as possible -
motor voter act
this act allows citizens to register to vote when they are issued a driver’s license. it’s intended to boost the number of americans who register. and after the implementation, more than 11 million new voters had registered to vote. -
Affirmative Action
affirmative action is positive discrimination. it could involve a set of rules or policies that are put in place by the government or some organizations that are there to include people of different races, gender, origin, religion, etc. such as things like education or even employment. -
Lawrence v. Texas
Lawrence and Garner were caught having sexual intercourse in violation of a texas statute forbidding two people of the same sex to have relations, especially intercourse. the court said that they have all the right to have that kind of conduct without intervention of the government. Due to the process clause. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
this was especially a big case because of how impactful it still is today. this ruling made it possible for same- sex marriage to happen. it made it so that they have all the same rights and aren't discriminated against. Both are due to the equal protection clause and process clause.