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3000 BCE
Imhotep
Egyptian who described the brain and had the first written reference to the brain -
620 BCE
Thales
Thales was born around this year and he was the 1st known philosopher. He is also known for creating his "Critical Method" of thinking and questioning things -
570 BCE
Pythagoras
Greek philosopher who created "Idealism" where he believed things exist in their ideal forms also created Pythagorean Theorem -
515 BCE
Parmenides
Greek philosopher most known for his beliefs in rationalism and his lack of faith in our senses -
460 BCE
Democritus
Greek philosopher believed that things were made of atoms and began the theory of "Materialism" which went against idealism -
460 BCE
Hippocrates
Greek Philosopher 1st doctor. also believed in the body having humors that needed to be regulated or else illness will happen -
Period: 27 BCE to 476
Roman Empire
during this time period many philosophies for living were created such as skeptics, cynics, epicureans, stoics and neo-Platonism -
Period: 500 to 1500
Dark Ages
During this period scientific expansion was non-existent for the majority of it in the west. This was due to the influence of the catholic church and their views -
1225
St. Thomas Aquinas
Was one of the first church members during the dark age to see the value in science and he saw science as the best way to know God -
Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
time of great scientific achievement with many enlightened minds but also had to deal with the black plague -
Thomas Hobbes
Believed in his mechanistic philosophy which compared how humans worked somewhat to how machines worked also spoke out against the authority of the church and the pope -
Descartes
Founder of rationalism which was very similar to Plato's idealism where people have innate ideas that were given to us by God at birth -
John Locke
Believed in empiricism which is a theory where we as humans gain our knowledge from sensory experiences and we are born as a blank slate -
Franz Mesmer
most well known for mesmerism but was a very odd person who believed strongly in the power of magnetism as a healing agent. credited with unknowingly creating the placebo effect -
Luigi Galvani
was the first person to discover the electrical properties of nervous tissue which is important for how nerves communicate -
Philippe Pinel
One of the more famous asylum reformers who used a treatment method called logical consequences. this was wildly successful as it treated asylum patients like they were actual human beings -
Franz Josef Gall
Believed that personality was affected by the size of certain regions in the brain. Helped lead to others studying localization of functions in the brain -
Gustav Fechner
famous for expanding on the work Ernst Weber and for standardizing the methodology that was used for psychology at the time -
Francis Galton
famous for using correlations and statistics to find relationships in human behavior. Used these correlations to find hereditary relationships with human behavior -
Paul Broca
had Broca's area in the brain named after him. discovered that if Broca's area in the brain is damaged it affects the vocal ability of that person -
Franz Brentano
Directly led to gestalt psychology and had views that directly opposed Wundt. saw psych as the study of conscious experiences -
William James
Known as the father of American Psychology. credited with the school of functionalism which was influenced by Charles Darwin. -
G Stanley Hall
First PhD in Psychology also founded the APA and became its 1st and 23rd president -
John Watson
Founder of behaviorism which was meant to be used to predict and control people's behavior also wanted to make psychology an objective science so that behavior=behavior. famous also for the Little Albert experiment -
Carl Wernicke
Also had an area of the brain named after him (Wernicke's area) if this are was damaged that person would lose function of their language comprehension skills -
Ivan Pavlov
famous for his work on the salivation of dogs. this was later called classical conditioning and was used to teach new behaviors -
Sigmund Freud
famous for many things which included his love of cocaine, his focus on the unconscious mind and thoughts, dream interpretation, his theory of the id ego and superego, and his stages of development which include oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital -
Hugo Munsterburg
Pioneer in industrial, clinical and forensic psychology and was the first to argue against the standardized mental treatment at the time -
Mary Whiton Calkins
Proposed a way for structuralism and functionalism to work together and also became the first female APA president. The doctor that never was -
Edward B. Titchener
most well known as the first person to open an experimental psych lab in the United States. also was known for his mental processes structures called Structuralism -
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt was credited with the formal founding of psychology when he opened his lab in Leipzig. also known for his Volkerpsychology which combined a number of different cultural things that were used to understand people -
Lightner Witmer
studied children with cognitive disorders and was one of the founders of school psychology. also opened the first clinic to test and treat patients and was a founder of clinical psychology -
Carl Rogers
Created person centered therapy where you give the patient unconditional positive regard and treat them like a unique person -
B.F Skinner
Creator of operant conditioning and the skinner box. operant conditioning used shaping to accomplish its goals where reinforcers were used to get someone to perform a certain action -
Abraham Maslow
famous for his hierarchy of needs and helping lead to the start of humanistic psych. the hierarchy of needs is somewhat of a guide for how we take care of our needs and how we can better ourselves -
Albert Bandura
Famous for the Bobo doll experiment which exhibited social learning theory. the experiment showed how children would copy the actions of adults or things they have seen even if the actions were not positive -
Stanley Milgram
famous for his obedience experiment where many participants believed that they shocked other participants to death because of the presence of a man in charge during the experiment -
Philip Zimbardo
creator of the Stanford prison experiment where participants were divided in to jailers and prisoners and the jailers ended up treating the prisoners very cruelly and they had to stop the experiment. now is a proponent of positive psychology and believes in everyday heroism
