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The day was July 12 or 13; the traditional (and perhaps most probable) year is 100 BCE; but if this date is correct, Caesar must have held each of his offices two years in advance of the legal minimum age -
Caesar was elected one of the curule aediles for 65 BCE, and he celebrated his tenure of this office by unusually lavish expenditure with borrowed money. He was elected pontifex maximus in 63 BCE by a political dodge. By now he had become a controversial political figure -
The term originated in ancient Rome to describe a group of the three most powerful men in power at the time. The First Triumvirate was formed in 60 B.C.E. by Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Magnus Pompey, and Marcus Licinius Crassus in response to laws being passed by the Senate to try and restrain them and limit their power. -
the Helvetii ( Helvetians), were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. According to Julius Caesar, the Helvetians were divided into four subgroups or pagi. Of these, Caesar names only the Verbigeni and the Tigurini,[4] while Posidonius mentions the Tigurini and the Tougeni. -
As spring arrived, Caesar spent the rest of the 58 BC marching across Gaul, punishing the various tribes who had risen up against him. Caesar's punishments were brutal. He not only defeated the men in battle, but also attacked women and children in towns across the country and destroyed many settlements. -
The Battle of the Sabis was fought in 57 BC during Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. He defeated a Belgic alliance led by the Nervii at the Sabis River, forcing the devastated Nervii to surrender and conquering the Nervii, Atrebates, Viromandui, and Aduatuci lands. -
In 55BC, (55 years before Jesus was born) Caesar's army invaded Britain for the first time. The next summer ( 54 BC) Caesar came to Britain again. This time the Romans crossed the River Thames. After more fighting, the British tribes promised to pay tribute to Rome and were then left in peace for nearly a century. -
Ambiorix's revolt was an episode during the Gallic Wars between 54 and 53 BC in which the Eburones tribe, under its leader, Ambiorix, rebelled against the Roman Republic. Discontent among the subjugated Gauls prompted a major uprising amongst the Belgae against Julius Caesar in the winter of 54–53 BC, when the Eburones of north-eastern Gaul rose in rebellion under their leader Ambiorix. Fifteen Roman cohorts(a group of people) were wiped out at Atuatuca Tungrorum (modern Tongeren in Belgium. -
Caesar decided to construct a forum bearing his name in the northeast section of the Forum Romanum, and purchased some very expensive parcels of land in that area (the final cost was said to be 100,000,000 sesterces).[2][3] Forum construction began probably in 51 BC, although Cicero and Gaius Oppius were entrusted with purchasing the parcels of land on Caesar's behalf as early as 54 BC. -
In 52 BC their chieftain, Vercingetorix, organized an extensive uprising against Caesar and defeated him at Gergovia (present-day Gergovie), but he was in turn defeated and captured by Caesar at Alesia (present-day Alise-Sainte-Reine) in 51 -
The siege of Uxellodunum was one of the last battles of the Gallic Wars. It took place in 51 BC at Uxellodunum. It was the last major military confrontation of the Gallic Wars and marked the pacification of Gaul under Roman rule. The battle resulted in a decisive Roman victory. -
Jan 10, 49 BC: Caesar Crosses the Rubicon. On January 10, 49 B.C.E., General Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon, a stream separating Rome from the province of Gaul. Crossing the Rubicon began a civil war that would end the Roman Republic. -
The Siege of Massilia was a battle of Caesar's Civil War which occurred from April to September 49 BC, when Julius Caesar besieged and captured the Greek colony of Massilia in southern Gaul after the city closed its gates to Caesar and allied with the rival Optimates faction of Rome. -
Julius Caesar captured the city in 49 BCE so that he could prevent his great rival Pompey from fleeing Italy. Then it was attacked again in 40 BCE, this time by Mark Antony. The city's handy location at the foot of Italy was proving something of a liability for the local residents. -
fter several days of cavalry skirmishes, Caesar was able to lure Pompey off of a hill and force battle on the plain of Pharsalus. During the battle, a flanking manoeuvre led by Labienus failed against a reserve line of Caesar's troops, leading to the collapse of the Pompeian infantry against Caesar's veterans. -
Caesar arrives in Egypt and orders Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra VII to disband their armies, but instead, war breaks out. Cleopatra VII is sole ruler of Egypt; she presents herself as the goddess Isis. -
A stela of a high priest of Ptah that has the name of Caesarion and his mother Cleopatra VII. Caesarion was born in Egypt on 23 June 47 BC. His mother, Cleopatra, said that he was the son of Roman leader Julius Caesar. Even though he looked and acted like Caesar, Caesar did not officially say that he was his son. -
In 46 BCE Julius Caesar celebrated a quadruple triumph, celebrating his victories over Gaul, Pontus, Africa, and Egypt. Having ended the wars, he celebrated five triumphs, four in a single month, but at intervals of a few days, after defeating Scipio;[6] and another on defeating Pompey’s sons. The first and most splendid was the Gallic triumph, the next the Alexandrian, then the Pontic, after that the African, and finally the Spanish. -
In 46 BCE Julius Caesar minted the largest quantity of gold coins yet seen in Rome. As Rome expanded and took ever more treasure from her enemies silver began to replace bronze as the most important material for coinage. -
Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March (15 March) of 44 BC during a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey of the Theatre of Pompey in Rome where the senators stabbed Caesar 23 times. They claimed to be acting over fears that Caesar's unprecedented concentration of power during his dictatorship was undermining the Roman Republic. At least 60 to 70 senators were carrying out the death of Julius Caesar. -
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who named himself dictator of the Roman Empire, a rule that lasted less than one year before he was famously assassinated by political rivals in 44 B.C.E. Caesar was born on July 12 or 13 in 100 B.C.E. to a noble family. During his youth, the Roman Republic was in chaos. Seizing the opportunity, Caesar advanced in the political system and briefly became governor of Spain, a Roman province.- -
Returning to Rome, he formed political alliances that helped him become governor of Gaul, an area that included what is now France and Belgium. His Roman troops conquered Gallic tribes by exploiting tribal rivalries. Throughout his eight-year governorship, he increased his military power and, more importantly, acquired plunder from Gaul. When his rivals in Rome demanded he return as a private-
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citizen, he used these riches to support his army and marched them across the Rubicon River, crossing from Gaul into Italy. This sparked a civil war between Caesar’s forces and forces of his chief rival for power, Pompey, from which Caesar emerged victorious. Returning to Italy, Caesar consolidated his power and made himself dictator. He wielded his power to enlarge the senate, created needed government-
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reforms, and decreased Rome’s debt. At the same time, he sponsored the building of the Forum Iulium and rebuilt two city-states, Carthage and Corinth. He also granted citizenship to foreigners living within the Roman Republic.
In 44 B.C.E., Caesar declared himself dictator for life. His increasing power and great ambition agitated many senators who feared Caesar aspired to be king. Only a month after Caesar’s declaration, a group of senators assassinated Caesar in fear of his absolute power.