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6000 BCE
Yogurt and Cheese were created
Yogurt and cheese were made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures, the Neolithic people of Central Asia are accountable for most historical accounts of yogurt and cheese. -
Period: 6000 BCE to
Biotechnology historical achievements
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Bacteria and Protozoa is discovered
In 1675, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, (a Dutch scientist) discovered and described bacteria and protozoa. When he first discovered protozoa, he called them "animalcules." Stephen Hamm was also a scientist, and he helped Leeuwenhoek with his studies, so he's considered a codiscoverer. -
The first viral vaccine is used
Edward Jenner, an English physician, and scientist uses the first viral vaccine to vaccinate a child from smallpox, it was successful and some people referred to him as "The Conquerer of Smallpox." -
Fermentation was first discovered
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist who discovered the bacterial origin of fermentation, as well as the process of pasteurization. -
Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance
Gregor Mendel, a.k.a. The Father of Genetics discovered the laws of inheritance, through observing and studying pea plants. He concluded that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. -
Robert Koch develops aeseptic techniques for bacteria
Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria, for identification purposes. It helped launch the field of medical bacteriology. -
Louis Pasteur develops Cholera and Anthrax vaccines
Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that can cause Cholera and Anthrax in chickens, which would later become known as the Rabies vaccine. His work with vaccinations was inspired by the work of Edward jenner. -
The first Rabies Vaccine is created & tested
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first Rabies vaccine together, and the first person to use it was a young boy named Joseph Meister. -
The term "Biotechnology" was coined
Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, was the first to use and coin the term biotechnology. -
Alexander Fleming made an observation that led to the creation of the first antibiotic
Alexander Fleming noticed that a certain mold could stop the duplication of bacteria. This discovery is what led up to the first antibiotic being created, and it was called Penicillin. -
The structure of DNA is described
James D. Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA, they worked alongside Rosalind Franklin who concluded that DNA existed in two forms, and that it was wet, and that it resembled the characteristics of a helix. They examined the structure by using x-ray diffraction images of DNA, as well as other methods. -
Similarities of the DNA composition in humans and Chimpanzees & Gorillas are found
The DNA composition of chimpanzees and gorillas is discovered to be 99% similar to the DNA compositions of humans, this research has been conducted by a group of scientists. -
The first experiment with recombinant DNA occurred, and was successful
With the use of bacterial genes, scientists Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer were able to perform the first recombinant DNA experiment, and it turned out to be successful. -
The U.S. patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer
The U.S. patent for gene cloning was awarded to Cohen and Boyer, for their work of studies with recombinant DNA. -
The first biotech drug was approved by the FDA
Humulin, Genentech’s human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. -
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was conceived in 1883, by Kary Mullis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro method of amplifying specific DNA sequences. -
First federally approved gene therapy treatment is successfully performed
The first federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a 4-year-old girl who suffered from a severe and rare immune deficiency disorder.Dr. Charles J. Epstein, a pediatrician at the University of California at San Francisco was involved. -
The first GMO food was introduced to the market
The United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first GMO food, called The Flavr Savr Tomato. The purpose of creating this tomato was so that the shelf life would be extended, and so that the flavor would last longer. -
Dolly the Sheep is cloned
British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, cloned Dolly the sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells. Dolly was the first report of a cloning being done on an animal, and she died at age 6. -
The Human Genome Project's rough draft was completed
Completion of a “rough draft” of the human genome in the Human Genome Project, scientists were in a race to complete the Human genome, and discover more infomartion about human genes. -
2002- Rice becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded
Rice was the first sequenced crop genome, paving the way for the sequencing of additional and more complicated crop genomes. Research teams in Japan did a big portion of the work in this project, but other nations worked on it too. Rice was the first sequenced crop genome, paving the way for the sequencing of additional and more complicated crop genomes. -
The Human Genome project is completed
The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome -
The first Nanoradio is described
The first Nanoradio was described and invented by physicist Alex Zettl and his colleagues, Alex said that the Nanoradio would easily fit inside a living cell. -
A way to create embryonic stem cells has been discovered
Scientists discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are a great asset to research in modern day times, they're used as a method for studying diseases on a living model, and for many more things. -
The first Medical Experiment Module was launched
Japanese astronomers launched the first Medical Experiment Module called “Kibo”, to be used on the International Space Station. -
The first viral pacemaker was created
Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute utilized modified SAAN heart genes to create the first viral pacemaker in Guinea pigs, which is now known as iSAN’s. -
Zac Vawter climbs the Chicago Willis Tower using a bionic leg
Thirty-one-year-old Zac Vawter successfully uses a nervous system-controlled bionic leg to climb the Chicago Willis Tower. -
CRISPR-Cas9 harnessed for genome editing
Researcher Feng Zhang was the first to successfully adapt CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing in eukaryotic cells, he and his team engineered two different Cas9 orthologs and demonstrated targeted genome cleavage in human and mouse cells. -
3-D Printers are being used to print skin
Researchers at the University of Liverpool in the U.K are developing synthetic skin that can be produced on a 3D printer and matched to a person based on their age, gender and ethnic group. -
Mice with same-sex parents were born healthy
Researchers were able to produce healthy mice with two mothers that went on to have normal offspring of their own. With the use of stem cells and targeted gene editing, researchers believe that some of the issues that same-sex animals face when producing offspring can be overcome.
