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6000 BCE
Yogurt and cheese made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by virus cultures.
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100
Chinese use chrysanthemum as a natural insecticide
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Robert Hooke
First recorded description of living cells -
Antonie can Leeuwenhoek
Discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa. -
Edward Jenner
Uses viral vaccine to inoculate a child from small pox. -
Henri Dutrochet
Discovers that tissues are composed of living cells -
Louis Pasteur
Discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation -
Gregor Mendel
Discovers the laws of inheritance -
Friedrich Miescher
Identifies DNA in the sperm of a trout. -
Robert Koch
Develops a technique for straining bacteria for identification. -
Walter Flemming
Discovered chromatin leading to the discovery of chromosomes. -
Louis Pasteur
Develops vaccines against bacteria that causes cholera and anthrax in chickens. -
Louis Pasteur & Emite Roux
Developed the first rabies vaccine and it on Joseph Meister. -
Karl Ereky
Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first uses the word "Biotechnology". -
Alexander Fleming
Notices that a certain mold could stop the duplication of bacteria -
James D. Watson & Francis Crick
Describe the structure of DNA -
Stanley Norman Cohen & Herbert Boyer
Perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment using bacterial genes. -
Cohen and Boyer
The U.S patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer. -
Humulin
Humulin, geneticist's human insulin drug produces by genetically engineered bacteria (treatment of diabetes) is the first biotech drug to be approved by the FDA -
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is concieved
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Gene therapy treatment
First federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder. -
Favr Savr Tomato
The United States Food and Drug Administration approves the first GM food: the "Flavr Savr" tomato by Calgene. -
Ian Wilmut & the Roslin Institute
British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the Sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells. -
Human Genome Project
Completion of a "rough draft" of the human genome in the "Human Genome Project" (HGP). -
Human Genome Sequence
Celera Genomics and the Human Genome Project create a draft of the human genome sequence and have it published by Science and Nature Magazine. -
Rice becomes first crop to have its genome decoded
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Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project is completed, providing information on the locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes. -
Alex Zeth
The first nanoradio is described by Alex Zeth -
"Kibo"
Japanese astronomers launched the first medical experiment module called "Kibo", to be used on the International Space Station -
First viral "pacemaker"
Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute uses modified SAN heart genes to create the first "viral pacemaker" in guinea pigs, now known as iSANS.
