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Fred Griffith
He focused on the Epidemiology and Pathology of Bacteria. -
Griffiths Expirement
His expirement involved Mice and two types of Pneumonia, A Verulent and Non- Verulent kind. He tested two mice by injecting one with Virulent Pneumonia and one with Non Virulent Pneumonia. The mouse injected with Virulent Pnemonia died instantly. However the mouse injected with Non- Virulent Pneumonia survived. He then Heated up the Non- Virulent Pneumonia and injected the mouse, the mouse still survived. Finally he Heated up the Virulent and Non-virulent Pneumonia into a mouse, the mouse died. -
Griffiths expirement
Griffith thought that the killed virulent bacteria had passed on a characteristic to the non-virulent one to make it virulent. He thought that this characteristic was in the inheritance molecule. This passing on of the inheritance molecule was what he called transformation.
Basically transformation is suggesting that bacteria is capable of transferring genetic information. -
Oswald Avery, Mclyn McCarty, and Colin Macleod Experiment
Avery’s experiment: First Avery killed the bacteria using heat and taking away the saline soluble components. Next the protein was precipitated out by using chloroform and the polysaccharide capsules were hydrolyzed with an enzyme. A precipitation, caused by an antibody, was used to verify the complete destruction of the capsules. Then the active portion was precipitated out by alcohol fractionation. -
Oswald Avery, Mclyn McCarty, and Colin Macleod Experiment
Chemical analysis showed that the proportions of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosph -
Oswald Avery, Mclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod Experiment
The Avery, McCarty, McLeod experiment was an experimental demonstration that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation. Avery and his co workers suggested that DNA, not protein, which was widely believed at the time, may be the hereditary material of bacteria and could be comparable to genes and or viruses in higher organisms. -
chargaff
In 1944 Chargaff began his investigations into the composition of DNA. -
Chargaff
Found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are equal.
1950, Erwin Chargaff published a paper stating that in DNA of any given species, the ratio of adenine to thymine is equal, as is the ratio of cytosine to guanine. -
Alfred Hershey, Martha chase Experiment
Their conclusion was that genes are made of Nucleic acid DNA. -
Alfred Hershey, Martha Chase Experiment
Using the blender, Hershey and Chase separated the protein coating from the nuclei of bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria. Injecting nucleic acid into the bacterial cell, they found that it was the acid itself, and not the protein, that caused the transmission of genetic information. -
James watson and James Crick Experiment
Watson and Crick built a model out of brass plates and clamps and other bits of laboratory equipment in 1953. Ths model represented the Double Helix structure of DNA. Erwin Schrodinger's Book "What is Life?" Had a very important influence on their Discovery. -
Meselson and Stahl
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl's experiments on the replication of DNA, published in PNAS in 1958 -
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins Nobel Prize
In 1962, they shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice Wilkins, for solving one of the most important of all biological riddles. Half a century later, important new implications of this contribution to science are still coming to light. -
Alfred Hershey Nobel prize
Hershey would subsequently share the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in discovering the properties of DNA. But Chase, who served as Hershey's lab assistant during his experiments and whose name appears on the paper, was snubbed.
