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Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
it doesn't give an exact date but he was the one who pushed more an the human body. -
The Voyage of the HMS Beagle
On the morning of 27 December 1831, H.M.S. Beagle, with a crew of seventy-three men, sailed out of Plymouth harbor under a calm easterly wind and drizzly rain. -
Gregor Mendel publishes works on inheritance of traits in pea plants
The genetic experiments Mendel did with pea plants took him eight years (1856-1863) and he published his results in 1865 -
Alfred Russel Wallace published ideas of evolutionary processes
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The Origin of species by means of Natural Selection is published
A work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
The challenger Oceanography Expedition sails around the world
Modern oceanography began with the Challenger Expedition between 1872 and 1876. Challenger first traveled south from England to the South Atlantic, and then around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. -
The Germ Theory of Disease is published
A transitional period began in the late 1850s as the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch provided convincing evidence; by 1880, miasma theory was still competing with the germ theory of disease. -
Plasmodium falciparum is described as the causative agent of malaria
Plasmodium was first discovered at etiologic agent of human malaria by a team of Italian researchers in 1898. Starting in 1947 to 1957, the United stated was effective in eradicating malaria in the country from endemic status to sporadic. -
Hardy and Weinberg independently develop the Hardy-Weinberg equation for determining allele frequencies in populations
In 1908, G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg independently described a basic principle of population genetics, which is now named the Hardy-Weinberg equation. -
T. Hunt Morgan discovers sex-linkage
One day in 1910, American geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan peered through a hand lens at a male fruit fly, and he noticed it didn't look right. Instead of having the normally brilliant red eyes of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster, this fly had white eyes. -
Neils Bohr develops the Bohr model of atom structure
In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, introduced by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. -
Frederick Griffith describes the process of transformation
Griffith's experiment, was an experiment done in 1928 by Frederick Griffith. It was one of the first experiments showing that bacteria can get DNA through a process called transformation. -
Beadle and Tatum publish the 1 gene-1 enzyme hypothesis
The one gene–one enzyme hypothesis, proposed by George Wells Beadle in the US in 1941, is the theory that each gene directly produces a single enzyme, which consequently affects an individual step in a metabolic pathway. In 1941, Beadle demonstrated that one gene in a fruit fly controlled a single, specific chemical reaction in the fruit fly, which one enzyme controlled. -
Jacques Cousteau develops SCUBA
Cousteau co-invented the Aqua-Lung, a breathing device for scuba-diving, in 1943. In 1945, he started the French Navy's undersea research group. In 1951, he began going on yearly trips to explore the ocean on the Calypso. -
Avery, MacLoed and McCarty determine that DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic code
In 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty helped demonstrate the role of DNA as the carrier of genetic information by working with the bacterium? that causes pneumonia? -
Hershey-Chase experiments are published
AD Hershey and M Chase “Independent functions of viral
protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage” Journal of
General Physiology (May 1952) -
Rosalind Franklin works with DNA and X-Ray crystallography and develops “Image 51”
Rosalind Franklin in DNA Rosalind Franklin used crystallography to make an x-ray -
Meselson and Stahl work with DNA replication
The Meselson–Stahl experiment was an experiment by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl with some additional help from a Canadian biologist, Mason MacDonald, and Canadian nuclear physicist, Amandeep Sehmbi, in 1958 which supported the hypothesis that DNA replication was semiconservative. In semiconservative replication, when the double stranded DNA helix is replicated, each of the two new double-stranded DNA helices consisted of one strand from the original helix and one newly synthesized. -
Watson and Crick propose the double helix model of DNA structure
The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within cells -
Miller-Urey experiments published
Thus, the Miller-Urey experiment
demonstrated how some biological molecules,
such as simple amino acids, could have arisen
abiotically, that is through non-biological
processes, under conditions thought to be similar
to those of the early earth -
Nirenberg cracks the genetic code
The Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment was a scientific experiment performed on May 15, 1961, by Marshall W. Nirenberg and his post doctoral fellow, J. Heinrich Matthaei. The experiment cracked the genetic code by using nucleic acid homopolymers to translate specific amino acids. -
Endosymbiosis is described by Lynn Margulis
The Endosymbiotic Theory was first proposed by former Boston University Biologist Lynn Margulis in the 1960's and officially in her 1981 book "Symbiosis in Cell Evolution". -
Apollo 11 lands on the moon
Apollo 11 was the first spaceflight that landed humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969 -
Theodosius Dobzhansky publishes Genetics and the Origin of Species
Dobzhansky’s Genetics and the Origin of Species, published in 1937 (1), refashioned their formulations in language that biologists could understand, dressed the equations with natural history and experimental population genetics, and extended the synthesis to speciation and other cardinal problems omitted by the mathematicians. -
Australopithicus afarensis nicknamed “lucy” fossil discovered
This species is one of the best known of our ancestors due to a number of major discoveries including a set of fossil footprints and a fairly complete fossil skeleton of a female nicknamed 'Lucy' -
Deep sea hydrothermal vents and associated life around them are discovered
the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galápagos Rift in 1977, numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been found along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins at low to mid latitudes. -
The Sanger Technique is developed
Sanger sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing first commercialized by Applied Biosystems, based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication. Developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues in 1977, -
Kary Mullis develops Polymerase Chain Reaction
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, invented in 1985 by Kary B. Mullis, allowed scientists to make millions of copies of a scarce sample of DNA -
Tommie Lee Andrews is convicted of rape
Based on both fingerprint analysis and DNA typing, Tommie Lee Andrews was convicted of rape in November of 1987 and sentenced to prison for 22 years, making him the first person in the U.S. to be convicted as a result of DNA evidence. In subsequent trials, he was convicted of additional assaults and was sentenced to a total of 100 years behind bars -
The Innocence Project is founded
The Innocence Project is a non-profit legal organization that is committed to exonerating wrongly convicted people through the use of DNA testing and to reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice. -
CRISPr/CAS 9 is identified and described
Francisco Mojica was the first researcher to characterize what is now called a CRISPR locus, reported in 1993.
CRISPR-Cas9 is a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome? by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence. -
Dolly the sheep is cloned
She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, and lived there until her death when she was six years old. Her birth was announced on February 22, 1997. The sheep was originally code-named "6LL3" -
Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil discovered
The first (and, so far, only) fossils of Sahelanthropus are nine cranial specimens from northern Chad. A research team of scientists led by French paleontologist Michael Brunet uncovered the fossils in 2001, including the type specimen TM 266-01-0606-1. -
Spliceosomes were discovered and described
unraveling splicing at the molecular level is not only important for understanding gene expression, but it is also of medical relevance, as aberrant pre-mRNA splicing is the basis of many human diseases or contributes to their severity -
Human genome is fully sequenced
On April 14, 2003 the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the Department of Energy (DOE) and their partners in the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium announced the successful completion of the Human Genome Project. -
Homo denisova fossil discovered
In March 2010, scientists announced the discovery of a finger bone fragment of a juvenile female who lived about 41,000 years ago, found in the remote Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, a cave that has also been inhabited by Neanderthals and modern humans. -
Richard L Bible is executed
Charges: IMPOSED [1]: MURDER 1ST DEGREE, [2]: KIDNAPPING, [3]: DANG. CRIMES AG. CHILDREN
