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Charles Darwin
Believed in natural selection
published The Origin of Species
Went against the popular belief and followed his instinct. Animal/comparative psychology -
Ivan Pavlov
Classical conditioning, when two stimuli are repeatedly paired learned conditions occur through continued association. -
Edward B. Titchener
Structuralism, the study of the mind. Introspectrum: speaking your contious thoughts. -
William James
Founder of American psychology, functionalism: the function of the mind and how to adapt to the world surrounding us. Animals evolved similar to humans. -
John B. Watson
The scientific study of observable behavior. A significantly different approach than those who proceeded him. Generalized S-R reflex model (antecedent stimulus and response). Animal research and now controversial child studies (little Albert). -
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Generalized S-R reflex model
Doesn't always work primarily because of spontaneity (behavior occurs but the stimulus was absent) and behavior variability; the unobservables or unaccounted for (S-O-R). -
Robert S. Woodworth
Responsible for the second phase of the behavioral movement introducing the "o" (organic) to the original S-R model (S-O-R) accounting for variability, spontaneity, and the unobservables, all areas that were previously not explained. -
B. F. Skinner
Radical behaviorism an attempt to explain all behavior -
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Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis
The application of research that solves socially significate behavioral problems. This occurs through the development and evaluation of techniques found and verified through experimentation. Applied behavior analysis addresses a variety of populations, settings, and at the organizational level. This domain also addresses some areas covered under psychopathologies such as anxiety and mood disorders. -
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Domain: Service Delivery
These are the professionals that use strategies learned in laboratories and apply them with the primary goal being to create socially significant behavioral changes directly to clients. This is mainly done by focusing on decreasing socially inappropriate behaviors and finding replacement behaviors to serve in their place. -
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Domain: Radical Behaviorism
Radical behaviorism (thoroughgoing behaviorism) seeks philosophical resolutions throughout each of the three domains. A critical inspection addressing the nature and purpose of the overall science called behavior analysis and its’ current practices. -
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Domain: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
The conduction of basic research. This typically occurred in laboratories. Originally the focus was on animals, but in recent years there has been a bigger focus on complex human issues. There is a heavy emphasis on the essential core processes such as reinforcement, escape, generalization, extinction, etc. -
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Verbal Behavior
Discribled as his most important work and still in publication today Skinners interpretation of verbal behavior described in objective-empirical terms.
