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Gregor Mendel
Used pea plants in his experiment and discovered that parent plants pass on dominant and recessive genes to their offspring and that traits are passed on independently of other traits from parents to offspring. (Genetics) -
Frederick Miescher
Discovered that DNA was a distinct molecule from taking nuclein out of cells' nuclei and came up with the incorrect tetranucleotide hypothesis of DNA (Genetics) -
Alfred Sturtevant
Published the world's first genetic map of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (Genetics) -
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Discovered that chromosomes played a role in heredity and he demonstrated that each gene has an assigned spot on a chromosome (Genetics) -
Frederick Griffith
Found that a nonpathogenic strain of the bacteria "Streptococcus pneumoniae" could be induced to take on the disease causing characteristics of a different strain -- formed the foundations of the transforming principle (Biotechnology) (Bacteria) -
Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock
Discovered that the exchange between genes could move from place of place on a chromosome which demonstrated that genes can be turned on and off (Genetics) -
Oswald Avery (and MacLeod and McCarthy)
Conducted an experiment that identified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the chemical basis for specific and heritable transformation in bacteria (Genetics) -
Al Hershey and Martha Chase
In an experiment on a bacteria, they discovered that DNA contains the genetic material, not protein (Genetics) -
Erwin Chargaff
Discovered the different ratios of bases in DNA; discovered that A would always be equal and connected to T and G would always be equal and connected to C (Genetics) -
Rosalind Franklin
Obtained the first images of DNA using x-ray crystallography (Genetics) -
James Watson and Francis Crick
Determined the double-helix structure of DNA (Genetics) -
Joe Hin Tjio
Discovered that there are only 46 chromosomes in a human cell that are then separated into 23 chromosome pairs. His discovery led to the knowledge that people with Down Syndrome have an extra chromosome. (Genetics) -
Meselson and Stahl
Conducted an experiment proving the semiconservative model of DNA replication was correct. This model states that each strand of DNA serves as a template to make a new, complementary strand (Genetics) -
Alec Jeffreys
Discovered the technique of genetic fingerprinting that can be used to resolve identity and kinship issues (Biotechnology) -
Herb Boyer
Founded Genetech company that cloned and developed the method for synthesizing human insulin using recombinant DNA technology. First genetic engineer (Biotechnology) -
Ian Wilmut
The first person to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to create a mammalian clone. In his case, a sheep. (Biotechnology) -
J. Craig Venter
Mapped and sequenced human genome with the use of automated gene sequencers that he developed. (Genetics) (Biotechnology)
