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Education segregation: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
This breakthrough in special education is included in "Special Education in Contemporary Society". This case ruled against children being left out of an equal educational opportunity. This case is applicable because it helped with ending “separate but equal” ideas (Gargiulo, 2017, p.150). -
Class Placement: Larry P. v. Riles
This case helped with the ruling against African American students being placed in classes for children with mild intellectual disabilities. This assisted with the creating of an assessment that would not discriminate against minority children (Gargiulo, 2017, p.150). This is very significant and applicable because students were being placed in classes because of discriminating views. -
RIGHT TO EDUCATION: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This case resulted in the state having to guarantee a free public education to all children with intellectual disability ages 6-21 despite their degree of disability. (Gargiulo, 2017, p.150) This case is very applicable because without it, there wouldn’t have been any force of schools assisting people with disabilities. The case was closed on October 15, 2972. -
Equal Education Opportunity: Lav v. Nichols
This case was a breakthrough because it helped with the bilingual side of education. This ruling required schools to offer special language programs to ELL students and this helped with the equal educational opportunity (Gargiulo, 2017, p.150). -
Public law 94-142 (IDEA)
This law is mentioned to be one of the most important events in the changes that have taken place for children with special needs. This law is applicable because it helps students to be available to many things that will help them prosper. They will be provided with a free appropriate public education (FAPE) and services to assist them in any ways needed. The rights of children with disabilities and parents are also protected within this law (Gargiulo, 2017, p.156).
President Gerald Ford signed -
Free Appropriate Public Education
This legislation that went through Congress ruled a free appropriate public education for all eligible children that are 3-21. This indicates that the students in this age range, despite any disabilities will acquire the education that they need without any charges for the parents/guardians (Gargiulo, 2017, p.156). -
Appropriate education: Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
This case was mentioned as the First U.S Supreme Court interpretation of PL 94-142 (Gargiulo, 2017). This case brought up the issues of what makes up an appropriate education for students that have a hearing impairment. It was ruled that, “…students must be given a reasonable opportunity to learn (Gargiulo, 2017, p.152-153). -
Least restrictive environment: Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
This case focused on students in a general education classroom with a teachers aid. Students were offered an aid prior to being placed in a classroom that was more segregated (Gargiulo, 2017, p.150). This case was a breakthrough and very significant because it allows a student to have the opportunity to remain in a general education classroom with extra help from an aid. -
Provision of Services: Agostini v. Felton
This breakthrough lifted the “long-standing” ruling that banned the delivery of publicly funded educational services to students that attended private schools. This case made a great change that enabled students in non-public schools to receive services (Gargiulo, 2017, p.154). -
Parental rights: Winkleman v. Parma City School District
This breakthrough in special education ruled the rights of parents being able to represent their children in IDEA-related court cases. This is very applicable because this enabled parents to be more involved and gave them rights as well (Gargiulo, 2017, p.155).