-
Period: 1491 to
1491-1607 (Early Contact between the “Old” & “New” Worlds
This time period is about discovery. The causes for the Age of Exploration are :Gold, Glory, & God -
1492
The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and new World: plants, animals, bacteria, people and technologies. The Columbian Exchange brought germs, new animals, plants and a drastic labor shortage. An increase in trade markets, largest amount of migrations, overseas expansion and conflict, diseases, new crops, and animals were brought to Europe. One of the most spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium. -
1492
Age of Discover
Historical period between the 15th and 18th century during which Europeans made contact and sought to explore and colonize the "New World." Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them. Among the most famous explorers of the period were Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Pedro Álvares Cabral, John Cabot, Juan Ponce de León, and Ferdinand Magellan -
1500
Wealth and Land Gain
European expansion robbed the Native Americans of their lands which brought gain to the Europeans. They supported this act through the idea called "White Man's Supremacy.' Many Native Americans were forced into slave labor, off of their land, and often willingly fled the places the Spanish colonized to avoid further conflict. The (often forced) migration of Native Americans continued to affect the peopling of North America throughout the 19th century. -
1500
The Middle Passage
Middle Passage is part of the triangle trade, it's the route in between western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. The voyage across the Atlantic on slave ships. During the middle passage many slave were drained and stacked on top of each other lie cargo.This was a two month journey in which half of the slaves survived. -
1503
The Enconmienda System
A system in which Conquistadors received grants from a number of Indians in the form of gold or labor. The system was established to protect and Christianize Indians however, it was used to effectively enslave the Indians and corrupt their lands. -
International Trade
Europe entered an age of increasing international trading. European expansion brought trade of crops, animals and even diseases between the Native Americans. -
Indentured Servitude
Indentured servants are people work for an amount of time.The idea of indentured servitude was born of a need for cheap labor. People who wanted to come to the "New World" were offered 5-7 years of freedom for passage to the Americas. They could be bought and sold, no marriage during service, and freedom dues if they survived the term of serviced. People stop entering into contracts to become indentured servants because the majority died before receiving their freedom dues. -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect is the unofficial policy of taking control of colonies, breaking laws. This policy, which lasted from about 1607 to 1763, allowed the enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient. -
Period: to
Colonizing the "New World" & the development of an "Atlantic World"
-
Dutch Colonization
The Dutch colonized New Amsterdam in sear for gold and having a commercial interest. New Amsterdam was a commercial port city, it was ethnically and religious diversed due to a large number of population. Due to New Amsterdam success as commercial port city the English also colonized it to make profits. -
The Development of Slavery
When indentured servitude started tobacco farmers relied on the servants to help cultivate their tobacco crops. Indentured servants are people who work for an amount of time. As indentured servants began fulfilling their obligations, tobacco farmers targeted African slaves to help work on their tobacco plantations. The Africans rebelled,sabotaged and tried to escape. -
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The triangular trade system was the trading system between the Americas, England and Africa. Approximately 12 million African slaves crossed the Atlantic Ocean. America the slaves were used on plantations that grew tobacco, cocoa, coffee, and cotton plantations. The steps of the triangular trade system: shipping slaves and manufacture good to Americas, shipping ralu goods to Europe and selling goods back to Africa in exchange fro slaves who were carried as cargo on merchant ships. -
The Great Awakening
A religious movement in the 1730's and 1740's that was characterized by emotional preaching (Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield); the first cultural movement to unite the Thirteen Colonies; associated with the democratization of religion. Religion change took place in Colonial North America. A dramatic increased in religion in the American colonies. It laid the groundwork for the strong religious origins in the fight fro independence. -
Small Pox
Disease spread by Europeans in the Americas; led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans in North and South America. The transmission of “Old World” diseases
from Europe and Asia were devastating to
Native American populations who had no
immunity to these new pathogens. -
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War also known as the Seven Years war is the imperial fight between England and France. England fought France over land resources, lasted from 1756 to 1763. -
Period: to
The New Nation
-
Proclamation of 1763
A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east - the colonists were upset because they just fought a war to gain the Ohio River Valley territory and are now being told that they are not allowed to colonize the region. The proclamation was ignored by the colonist near the frontier as they proceed to West. -
Treaty of Paris
Treaty that ended the French and Indian war; made Britain the dominant imperial power in North America. The Treaty of Paris impact on the French colonies and the British: the French lost the vast majority of their claims of North America lands. British navy dominated Eastern North America. -
Republican Motherhood
The ideal of Republican Motherhood is that women were called on to teach republicans values on the British sides. Women who ran households in the absence of men became more assertive. The notion developed that in the interest of the republic, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children. If the republic were to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children. The first American female academies were founded in the 1790's. -
The Market Revolution
In the early 1800's, turnpikes, or toll roads, linked many towns to the eastern US. There was a drastic changes in transportation, communications and the production of goods. Methods such as: the Erie Canal, the telegraph, the steam engine for a steamboat, railroads and more in factories as opposed to houses. -
Period: to
The Market Revolution
-
War of 1812
The War of 1812 is often identified as the "Second War for Independence." England was interfering with American trade with France. British were boarding American vessels and forcing sailors to serve in the British navy, a process called impressment. England had not fully abandoned forts in North America and were helping Native Americans fight westward settlers. America wanted to invade Canada and remove it from English control. America did lost nor gain any territory when the war ended. -
Era of Good Feelings
The Era of Good Feelings brought a sense of independence and national pride. James Monroe was elected in 1816, his presidency is know as the "Era of Good Feelings."There were tensions below the surface over tariffs, slavery and political power. -
Westward Expansion
The burning desire to access natural and mineral resources and the hope of many settlers for economic opportunities or religious refuge led to an increased migration to and settlement in the West, which helped established a western identity that persist even today. Westward Expansion was the key to the nation's heath, the westward expansion is one of the events that defines the themes of the 19th century. -
Period: to
The Civil War
-
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny is the belief that God wanted Americans to expand their territory from Atlantic to Pacific. this belief was built on white privilege and the superiority of American cultural. -
Mexican-American War
The annexation of Texas led to a dispute between the US and Mexico because the location of the border was between Mexico and Texas. Many peace agreements were attempted, but they all resulted in failure and that caused a war between the two nations. The war resulted in "Mexican Cession" (land that was ceded to the US by Mexico.) Mexico handed over California and New Mexico to the US which expanded the US territories. -
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty is describe as allowing the vote of the people to determine issues of the government. The government does not have the right of removal without the consent of the government, in popular sovereignty the power is in the people's hands. -
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a secret passage that took in effect before the war. This system helped slaves escaped to the North, shelter and aid were provided to slaves escaping the South. The earliest the term was first used is in 1831 when the owner of Tice Davis blamed the "Underground Railroad" for his escape, the network expanded since then and that led to the escape of many. Harriet Tubman is one of the most well- know leader of the passage. -
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter is known as the location where the first battle occurred during the Civil War. The attacked of Fort Sumter happened because commander Major Anderson refused to surrender which led to the Civil War. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
-
The Transcontinetal Railroad
The railroad was constructed at Promontory, Utah. It lead to the connection of the eastern railroad system to California's and revolutionized transportation in the West. The construction also led to the discovering of mineral resources, government promoted economic growth, established new committees and centers of commercial activities. -
Social Darwinism
The ideas of Charles Darwin's which applies to humans. Social Darwinism is the belief of "survival of the fittest," which is used by the wealthy to maintain their position if life. -
Social Gospel
Social Gospel applies to movements by Protestants who sought to improve the conditions of cities. Social Gospel is caring for others well being and the cities, they view desired for wealth had led to the corruptions of some Americans and that society should take responsibility of the less fortunate and the poor. -
Trickle Down Economics
Economic that holds money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers. All tax cuts, whether for businesses or workers, spur economic growth. It targeted tax cuts to work better than general ones, it also advocated cuts to corporation, capital gains and saving taxes. -
The New South
The New South was a movement established in response to the growth corporate power, it demanded for political reform and an increasing in the government involvement in history. -
Jane Addams (Hull House)
Jane Addams sought to improve social changes to cities and immigrant populations. The Hull House aimed at women and immigrants in large cities, founded in Chicago and other settlement houses and hull houses established throughout the country. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Plessy v. Ferguson is a Supreme court case that resulted in the "separate but equal' doctrine. That decision upheld Jim Crow laws to the South which caused and increased in discrimination against Black people. -
Period: to
Creation of a Mass Culture
-
Muckrakers
Muckrakers are journalist and photographers who exposed the abuses of wealth and power. Some muckrakers pointed out the weakness in the political system, Teddy nicknamed these investigative journalist. -
Great Migration
Many African Americans moved from the South to the North because of Jim Crow Laws and job scarcity in the South for Northern industrial jobs during WWI. There was a vast majority of African Americans living in the Southern States during the 20th century. -
New Deal
The New Deal attempted to put an end to the Great Depression by using government power to provide relief to the poor, recovery, and reform the American economy. Aimed a three R's; Relief, Recovery, and Reform. -
Social Security Act
It was passed by FDR that provided for immediate relief for the poor elderly; national old. Age and survivors insurance, a shared federal state plan of unemployment insurance, and public assistance programs. -
Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Act, which granted rights to unions. It allowed collective bargaining, it is also one of the most significant pieces of labor legislation in US history. -
Japenese Internment
Japanese American were forced to live in camps during the war. The feared that citizens Japanese ancestry would act spies or saboteurs for the Japanese government, which drove the US to place over 120,000 Japanese Americans in concentration camps. -
Period: to
Prosperity & Global Responsibilty
-
Women in the Second Wave Reform Movements
Many women sought greater equality with men, they focused on legal right and the right to vote. They often participated in organizations, attended college, promoting social and political reforms and working in settlement houses to help immigrants adapt to the US language and culture. -
Cubuan Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closed to a nuclear conflict. Missile were withdrawn from Cuba, and the US secretly agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey.
