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Alfred Thayer Mahan
A Naval Admiral who was an effective advocate of imperialism. Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History", which argued that control over the sea led to world dominance. This further stimulated the naval race among the great powers. -
The French in Mexico
During the civil war, Napoleon III sent troops to occupy Mexico. After civil war, Seward used Monroe doctrine and threatened to send troops if France did not leave Mexico. French left. -
Alaska
Alaska is a landmass between northeastern Russia and America discovered in 1740. The land was settled by Russian fur traders. However, because of the lack of money from Russia sold in 1867 to America. Johnson was president during purchase of Alaska but he didn't decide about buying that landmass. Eventually, the United States Senate ratified the treaty for the purchase. -
Annexation of Hawaii
Trade with Japan and China in the 1800’s led to the U.S. Being interested in the Hawaiian islands. In 1891 U.S. Business owners led the overthrow of the queen Liliuokalani. They then asked to be annexed by the U.S. Their request was completed on January 17, 1893. -
Yellow Journalism (Spanish-American War)
One of the causes of the Spanish-American War - this was when newspaper publishers like Hearst and Pulitzer sensationalized news events (like the sinking of the Maine) to anger American public towards Spain. -
USS Maine (Spanish-American War)
Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War. -
Admiral Cervera (Spanish-American War)
Led a Spanish fleet of warships to Cuba; was blocked from Santiago Harbor by American ships. -
Effects of Spanish-American War
US increases its involvement in Latin America
US gains Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines
Insular cases (The Constitution does not apply to the people in all of these newly-acquired territories.) -
U.S. Defeats Spanish in the Philippines
This was known as the Battle of Manila Bay. This battle took place on May 1, 1898. It was considered the first major battle of the Spanish-American War. When the U.S. troops arrived and helped the natives in the fight against the Spanish. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
The battle of San Juan Hill took place along the southern coast of Cuba. It occurred about one month after the start of the Spanish-American War. The Spanish docked on the harbor and the U.S. blockaded the entrance which is essentially what caused the war. The U.S. naval force was considered a stronger force. The Rough Riders emerged soon after this battle.. -
Anti-Imperialist League
The Anti-Imperialist League was established to assist in the battle against American annexation of the Phillipines. They were established on June 15, 1898. Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain were part of the league. The league saw a sharp decline after the Treaty of Paris was put into place and was eventually completely dissolved. -
Philippine-American War
Begun February 4, 1899 - 2 days before US senate ratified Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish American War. Since Treaty of Paris transferred Philippines from Spain to US, Philippine nationalists feared they were just getting a new colonial ruler although they wanted independence. -
Open Door Policy
The open door policy was adopted by the United States in 1899. This policy was created in hopes of opening up trade with China. Essentially the policy said that all nations could trade equally. It lasted until -
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in northern China against western influences. It included practices that could protect them from bullets and foreigners. They burned local churches and demolished the railways. The Peking Protocol was signed ending the rebellion once and for all. -
Philippine Rebellion (Spanish-American War)
The US brought Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino independence leader, back to the Philippines from exile to undermine Spanish rule and declare Filipino independence. The United States had reluctantly purchased the Philippines from Spain as part of the settlement of the Spanish-American War. This sparked a long war. -
Hawaii (Queen vs Stanford)
In response to Hawaii's Queen, the U.S. staged a revolution and replaced her with Sanford B Dole. He was the 1st white ruler of Hawaii- U.S. President Cleveland asked him to step down and he said no! -
Big Stick Diplomacy
Roosevelt attempted the reputation of the US to a world power, imperialists applauded him while critics of the diplomacy disliked breaking from non-involvement. -
Big Stick Diplomacy
Theodore Roosevelt's motto of "speak softly and carry a big stick." -
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Diplomatic agreement of 1901 that permitted the United states to build and fortify a Central American canal alone, without British involvement. -
Revolution in Panama
Roosevelt supported a revolt because Colombia did not allow the US to build a canal through Panama. The rebellion succeeded and the first act of government from the independent Panama was to grant the US long-term control of a canal zone. -
Japan
The Gentlemen's Agreement was an agreement with Japan where Japan agreed to limit immigration, and Roosevelt agreed to discuss with the San Francisco School Board that segregation of Japanese children in school would be stopped. The agreement prevented a war that would have been caused by California, who was in Japan's eyes, oppressing their children. -
Dollar Diplomacy
President William Howard Taft replaced Roosevelt in 1908 with the vision to continue Roosevelt's foreign success, this led to the creation of the Dollar Diplomacy. Taft sought to use the Dollar Diplomacy as the policy that used America's financial powers rather than military intervention, to extend their influence abroad. Dollar Diplomacy wished to remove European intervention in Latin America by managing the financial affairs of countries whose economics were "backwards" by American standards. -
Ethnic Influences (World War 1)
Immigrants made up over 30% of population, strongly supported neutrality because they were glad to be out of the fighting. Sympathies went to nation of Origin, Italian-Americans, German-Americans favored struggles of "homeland". Irish Americans went to Central Powers, great majority wanted Britain and France to win. -
Loans (World War 1)
When Allies could not finance purchases for things they needed, JP Morgan gave $3 billion in credit to Great Britain and France, loans maintained US prosperity and helped war effort. -
Public Opinion(World War 1)
Public opinion played a large role in the decision of the United States to enter the war. At first, business people with strong commercial ties to Great Britain urged preparedness for war, while various other groups called for continued neutrality. However, public outrage at Germany grew, in response to Germany's continued submarine warfare and the Zimmermann note. By April 1917, public opinion was strongly behind the war resolution passed by Congress. -
Lusitania Crisis (World War 1)
Great Britain announced intention to mine North Sea and transform it into a military area. German Government viewed action as both an illegal blockade and an attempt to starve out Germany. Great Britain's action led to retaliation on the part of Germans. In 1915, German Submarine fired torpedo and sank ocean liner
1,198 people killed - including 128 Americans. Took 18 minutes for liner to sink. -
Selective Service Act Law
Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft. -
Kaiser Wilhelm (World War 1)
King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany whose political policies led his country into World War I. He was forced from power when Germany lost the war. -
Hawaii (Pearl Harbor)
Pearl Harbor Built by the U.S. in Hawaii, which led to a stronger military. -
Treaty of Versailles (World War I)
The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans. -
Red Scare
Widespread fear by a society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States with this name. -
Braceros
US government negotiated an agreement with Mexico in July 1942 to import braceros to relieve labor shortages in agriculture caused by conscription and the monement of rural workers to city factories; they were classified as foreign laborers rather than as immigrants -
Spanish-American War
War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
