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Alfred Thayer Mahan
United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History. Served for 40 years. -
The Alaska Purchase
America's acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire which added 586,412 square miles (1,518,800 km2) of new territory to the United States. -
Hawaii (Annexation)
McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar expensive; Americans felt that the best way to offset this was to annex Hawaii -
Spanish-American War (Yellow Journalism)
One of the causes of the Spanish-American War - this was when newspaper publishers like Hearst and Pulitzer sensationalized news events (like the sinking of the Maine) to anger American public towards Spain. -
Spanish-American War (USS Maine)
Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War -
Spanish-American War (Admiral Cervera)
Admiral Cervera led a Spanish fleet of warships to Cuba; was blocked from Santiago Harbor by American ships. -
Spanish-American War (Effects)
US increases its involvement in Latin America
US gains Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines
Insular cases -
Spanish-American War
War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. -
Spanish-American War (Philippine Rebellion)
The US brought Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino independence leader, back to the Philippines from exile to undermine Spanish rule and declare Filipino independence.
The United States had reluctantly purchased the Philippines from Spain as part of the settlement of the Spanish-American War. This sparked a long war, in which 70,000 American service men -
Philippine-American War
After its defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898 , Spain ceded its longstanding colony of the Philippines to the United States in the Treaty of Paris -
China (spheres of influence)
China was heavily controlled by foreign nations who tended to dominate the ports such as Shanghai. European nations also divided up China into spheres of influence and in these spheres the European nation involved all but ran it. The wishes of the Chinese were ignored. -
Hawaii (Queen vs Stanford)
In response to Hawaii's Queen, the U.S. staged a revolution and replaced her with Sanford B Dole. He was the 1st white ruler of Hawaii- U.S. President Cleveland asked him to step down and he said no! -
Spanish-American War (Teller Amendment)
Proclaimed that when the US had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give the Cubans their freedom and not conquer them -
Spanish-American War (Platt amendment)
Said Cuba couldn't have treaties with other countries that compromises their independence US can intervene to restore order Guantanamo Bay given to the US -
Panama Canal (hay pauncefote treaty)
Diplomatic agreement of 1901 that permitted the United states to build and fortify a Central American canal alone, without British involvement. -
Big Stick Diplomacy
Roosevelt attempted the reputation of the US to a world power, imperialists applauded him while critics of the diplomacy disliked breaking from non-involvement. -
Big Stick Diplomacy
Theodore Roosevelt's motto of "speak softly and carry a big stick." -
Theodore Roosevelt's motto of "speak softly and carry a big stick."
The U.S. government had a quest for an overseas empire and the Filipino people had a desire for freedom. In other words, this war was a clash between the forces of imperialism and nationalism. It concluded in 1902 with an American victory. -
Panama Canal (revolution in Panama)
Roosevelt supported a revolt because Colombia did not allow the US to build a canal through Panama. The rebellion succeeded and the first act of government from the independent Panama was to grant the US long-term control of a canal zone. -
Dollar Diplomacy
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries -
China (Railroads)
Taft first tested his railroad policy in China, wanting US bankers to be included in a British, French, and German plan to invest in railroads in China. Taft succeeded. -
Mexico (Conflict)
Wilson's moral approach to foreign affairs was tested by a revolution and civil war in Mexico . He wanted democracy in Mexico. -
Mexico (tampico incident)
An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the US and Mexico. -
World War 1 (neutrality)
Wilson immediately called upon American people to support his policy by not taking sides, soon found it difficult, went along with tradition of not involving ourselves with European wars -
World War 1 (Lusitania Crisis)
torpedoing and sinking of a British passenger liner, most passengers drowned including 128 Americans, Wilson responded by sending "strict accountability" message to Germany, WBJ resigned as Secretary of State -
World War 1 (Loans)
When Allies could not finance purchases for things they needed, JP Morgan gave $3 billion in credit to Great Britain and France, loans maintained US prosperity and helped war effort. -
World War 1 (events leading)
Serbian terrorist assassinates Franz Ferdinand, Austrian government issues ultimatum threatening war against Serbia and invades, Germany government declares war against Russia as Austria's Ally, Germany declares war against France, an ally of Russia, and immediately begins an invasion of Belgium, Great Britain declares War against Germany -
World War 1 (Ethnic Influences)
immigrants made up over 30% of population, strongly supported neutrality because they were glad to be out of the fighting, sympathies went to nation of Origin, Italian-Americans, German-Americans favored struggles of "homeland", Irish Americans went to Central Powers, great majority wanted Britain and France to win, democratic governments, Wilson admired British political system. -
World War 1 (public opinion)
Attitudes of Americans favored Britain, Americans perceived Germany as a cruel bully whose armies were commanded by a mean-spirited autocrat, Kaiser Wilhelm. -
World War 1 (Kaiser Wilhelm)
King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany whose political policies led his country into World War I. He was forced from power when Germany lost the war -
Red Scare
The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, which led many to fear that immigrants, particularly from Russia, southern Europe, and eastern Europe, intended to overthrow the United States government; The end of World War I, which caused production needs to decline and unemployment to rise. -
Hawaii (Pearl Harbor)
Pearl Harbor Built by the U.S. in Hawaii, which led to a stronger military.
