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Alfred Thayer Mahan
Wrote the book of “The Influence of Sea Power” also believed in a strong navy was crucial to a country's ambitions of securing foreign markets and becoming a world power. -
Dupuy de Lome
A Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a letter that described McKinley in decidedly unflattering terms. The resulting uproar after Heart publicized this private letter forced his resignation, further infuriated the American public, and helped spark the Spanish-American War. -
Francis Ferdinand
Heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I. -
The purchase of Alaska
The purchase of Alaska, was purchased by the U.S. after Russia decided to sell for 7 million dollars because of an economic burden and always having a subject threat of Britain taking over the land. -
McKinley Tariff
Raised duties on Hawaiian sugar and set off renewed efforts to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the US -
Liliuokalani
The last reigning Queen of the Hawaiian Islands who insisted that native Hawaiians should control the islands. her defense of native Hawaiian self-rule led to a revolt by white settlers and to her dethronement. -
Annexation of Hawaii
U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so they overthrew her, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii. -
Venezuelan crisis
The US's view of England and the Great Rapprochement or reconciliation between US and GB after Venezuela border conflict -
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain. He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army. -
Spanish American War
War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. -
Main
American battleship dispatched to keep a friendly watch over Cuba in early 1898. It mysteriously blew up in Havana Harbor, with a loss of 260 sailors. Although many Americans eager for war insisted that it was the fault of the Spanish submarine mine -
Pact of Paris- Kellogg–Briand Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact (also called the Pact of Paris) was a multinational treaty that prohibited the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense." A result of a determined American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system. -
Open Door Policy
Sought to ensure access to the Chinese market for the US, despite the fact that it didn't have a formal sphere of influence in China. John Hay wanted to keep the countries that had the spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors on trade between China and the US. -
Philippine Commission
Formed by Pres McKinley to deal with the Filipinos. IN the second year, it was headed by William Taft who fell in love with his "little brown brothers" two bodies, both appointed by the President of the United States to assist with governing the Philippines. The first Philippine Commission was appointed by President William McKinley -
Boxer Rebellion
An uprising in china directed against European dominance in China. It was suppressed by an international force of 18,000 soldiers, including several thousand Americans. IT paved the way for the revolution of 1911, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China -
Foraker Act
This gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government. The first comprehensive Congressional effort to provide for governance of territories acquired after the Spanish-American war, it served as a model for a similar act adopted for the Philippines -
Insular Cases
A badly divided Supreme Court ordered in these cases that the constitution didn't follow the flag; in other words, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos wouldn't necessarily enjoy all American rights. -
Platt Amendment
The US successfully pressured the Cuban government to write this amendment into its constitution. It limited Cuba's treaty-making abilities, controlled its debt, and stipulated that the US could intervene militarily to restore order when it saw fit. -
big stick diplomacy
The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them. -
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
A treaty signed between the US and Great Britain, giving Americans a free hand to build a canal in Central America. -
Panama Canal treaty
Treaty guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. -
Lusitania
American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI -
Root-Takahira Agreement
Agreement by which the US and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific and to maintain the open door in China. The agreement was credited with easing tensions between the two nations, but also resulted in a weakened American influence over further Japanese leadership in China -
Dollar Diplomacy
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries -
Tampico Incident
An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American army to seize the port of Veracruz -
U.S. Intervention in Haiti
President Woodrow Wilson sent the United States Marines into Haiti. The purpose was to calm the anarchy that the US claimed existed in the country. -
Bunau-Varilla
U.S. Invasion and Occupation of Haiti, on behalf of U.S. helped organized this country rebellion against Columbia to gain independence, as well as U.S. compensation for use of their land for the canal. -
John Pershing
President Wilson sent this man with his army to Mexico to Pancho Villa (never captured Villa) -
Zimmermann Note
A secret document to Mexico that said Germany would help them regain lost territories in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico if they joined the war on the Central Powers side -
Committee on Public Information
It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons -
Espionage Act
This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection. -
Red Scare
Concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and its alleged spread in the American labor movement fueled the paranoia that defined the period, most of which was distributed and exaggerated by the media. -
League of Nations
An international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations. as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
