-
618
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Song Dynasty is in 960-1279, followed by The Tang Dynasty in 618-906. The Tang Dynasty succeeded the Sui Dynasty and expanded China's territory to the west. They also revived confucianism, civil service exam, and bureaucracy in chinese culture. The Song Dynasty had a prosperous economy and a very radiant culture, which they considered their period the Golden Age after the Tang Dynasty. -
750
Abbasid Caliphate
After the death of Muhammad, the Turks started out as soldiers in the abbasid caliphate armies, referred to the Turks. Was the second dynasty of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate. It overthrow the Umayyad caliphate in 750 CE and reigned as the abbasid caliphate. Although they reigned until they were destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258. -
1066
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism spread from France to Spain, Italy, and later Germany and Eastern Europe. In England the Frankish form was imposed by William I after 1066, although most of the elements of feudalism were already present. A feudal society has three distinct social classes: a king, a noble class and a peasant class. Historically, the king owned all the available land, and he portioned out that land to his nobles for their use. The nobles, in turn, rented out their land to peasants. -
1206
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was lead by Temujin, later known as Chinggis Khan. They stole from each other of their possessions, there was no respite, only battle. There was no affection, only mutual slaughter. Temujin's reign consisted of a military victory over a rival tribe resulted in Temujin's recognition as a chief in his own right with a growing band followers. They overall had a very powerful army, which was hard for Chinggis Khan to maintain his supreme position so he expanded towards China. -
1206
Delhi Sultanate
Muhammad captured the Delhi that extended his control nearly throughout north India. After the death of Muhammad of Ghor, Aibak declared independence and established the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate is what started the Muslim Rule in India, by bringing. Islamic law and cultural traditions into India. They were made up of 5 different dynaties consisting of the Slave Dynasty, the Khijlis Dynasty, the Tughlaas Dynasty, the Sayyid Dyansty, and the Lodhi Dynasty. -
1235
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire was the largest empire in West Africa and influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. After the death of Mansa Musa, no ruler was powerful or influential enough to hold the empire together. Mali's power was weakened by a lack of orderly succession of imperial power, and by the desire of smaller states to break free to reap the benefits of the salt and gold trade. Mali fell under French colonial rule in 1892. -
1279
Yuan Dynasty
In 1260, Kublai Khan became Great Khan and completed the conquest of China in 1235. As emperor he tried to gain loyalty of Chinese subjects. He also adopted Chinese practices, adopted Buddhism, gave Dynasty Chinese name, expanded agriculture, and limited Mongol use of land for grazy livestock. The end of the Yuan Dynasty was caused by the suffering of huge loses, which lead to lots of traders and merchants, like the pax mongolica. -
1298
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was a long lasting and powerful empire. When the West began to surge, it became difficult for the Ottoman's to hold their position and keep their territory. It was the longest lasting Muslim empire in history and then grew to parts of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe. The Ottoman Empire had its fall after World War 1. -
1340
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague started in China and spreaded to Europe by the Silk Road with the help of the Mongols and fleas. Many people believed that the Black Death was a punishment from God for their sins. Some of the symptoms were fever, chills, extreme weakness, abdominal pain, bleeding etc. This Plague all started after the reign of Genghis Khan. -
1368
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty started in 1368 after succeeding the Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty consisted of the bubonic plague, inflation overproduction of paper money, and the led the rebellion against the Mongols. The first emperor was Hongwu, which he was a confurronist. The Ming Dynasty became one of the most stable but also one of the most autocratic of the chinese dynasties. -
1400
European Renaissance
It was the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history and depending on the country, it overlaps with the Early Modern, Elizabeth and Restoration periods. The Renaissance mostly started in Italy in the 14th century. Some of the main characteristics of the European Renaissance were the printing press, intellectual movement, art, music, literature, society and economics, and etc. All of the developments left huge impressions on society and it all led to the beginning of modern culture. -
1407
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Africans and Americans were both dramatically impacted by the Atlantic Slave Trade. It involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people by using the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage. Arms, textile, wine were all shipped from Europe to Asia, slaves from Africa to the Americas, and sugar and coffee from the Americas to Europe, this was all apart and called the triangular trade. Following the Atlantic Slave Trade the congress abolished the African Slave Trade -
1419
Age of Exploration
In 1492 Columbus discovered the New World of the Americas. Portugal and Spain became the early leaders in the Age of Exploration. Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century. Which European ships were traveling around the world to search for new trading routes and partners to feed capitalism in Europe. -
1428
Mesoamerican Empires (Aztec and Inca)
The three most dominant and advanced civilizations that developed in the Americas prior to the arrival of the Europeans were the Aztecs, the Maya, and the Inca. The Aztec Empire was located in central Mexico. It ruled much of the region from the 1400s until the Spanish arrived in 1519.This was just fifty years before the arrival of the Spanish in the region. Spanish chroniclers were able to record accounts of Chimú culture from individuals who had lived before the Inca conquest. -
1500
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
The Portuguese Trading Post Empire began after the Pax Mongolica, which increased trade on the silk road. As portugal explored the coastlines of Africa, they began to establish different trade outposts. Which forced the merchants to pay duties forcing for trade to happen in their territory. They also had a Navy to control the Indian Ocean by forcing all merchants to have to purchase safe-conduct passes or they risked having the chance to be destroyed. -
1517
The Reformation
Before the Reformation, all Christians living in Western Europe were part of the Roman Catholic Church.The Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Reformation led to modern democracy, skepticism, capitalism, individualism, civil rights, and many of the modern values we cherish today. The Protestant Reformation increased literacy throughout Europe and ignited a renewed passion for education. -
1526
Mughal Empire
Before the Mughal invasion of 1526, the north of the subcontinent was divided up into several independent Hindu and Muslim kingdoms. The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim arts and culture as well as the faith. The Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority. -
1565
Spanish Colonial Empire
The Spanish empire in the Americas was formed after conquering empires and claiming large pieces of land and beginning with Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean Islands. It led European exploration of the world, building the largest colonies in the New World at the time. Spain also created trade routes across the oceans.The colony was directly governed by Spain and the Spanish rule ended in 1898 with Spain's defeat in the Spanish American War. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate followed the end of the wars between the Daimyo and the Samurai. The rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate brought 250 years of great peace and were able to unify Japan and developed the economy. The Shoguns closed of Japan from the outside world, although the Americans forced Japan to open back up to the West. Christianity was the religion that was spread through Japan by the Westerners. -
Qing Dynasty
After the fall of the Ming dynasty, China was chaos until the Qing Army took over the lead. The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty to rule China and the longest to be ruled by foreigners. The Qing Dynasty campaigned against the Mongols, which marked the evolution of China into a Central Asian empire. Also, the Qing Dynasty's takeover of central Eurasia was a conquest, making use of China's more powerful military technology and greater resources. -
The Enlightenment
In Europe, scholars decided to begin question the government, their beliefs, and all of their rights. During the Enlightenment period people began to embrace new ideas about freedom of expressions and all new ways of rational methods to investigate the world. Philosophers like Martin Luther and Isaac Newton challenged the Catholic Church's beliefs and encouraged others to read it for themselves. The ideas of the Enlightenment period lead to the revolution of the French in 1789. -
Industrial Revolution
Before the Industrial Revolution, the British textile business was a cottage industry with the work performed in small workshops or homes by spinners, weavers and dyers. The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, when agricultural societies became more industrialized and urban. The transcontinental railroad, the cotton gin, electricity and other inventions permanently changed society. After the ending of the Industrial Revolution there was a digital revolution consisting of technology. -
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the very first rebellion by a colonial territory towards the mother country. The demonstrated people decided that they could challenge all of the corrupt governments. The war was motivated through all of the new concepts from the Enlightenment period, like natural rights, social contract, and the classical liberal ideas. The American Revolution then inspired many others to seek independence and demand more rights from their governments. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution birthed the modern nation state and ended the last vestiges of feudalism in Western and Central Europe. It was the way the Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe. The French Revolution completely changed the social and political structure of France and it put an end to the French monarchy, feudalism, and took political power from the Catholic church. ... Although, the revolution ended with the rise of Napoleon, the ideas and reforms from the Enlightenment continued on. -
Haitian Revolution
Before the Haitian Revolution, Hitia was considered to be a French colony. Haitian Revolution consisted on many slaves during the revolution and their primary industry was sugar and coffee. The Haitian people ultimately won independence from France and became the first country to be founded by former slaves. Francois was the leader of growing the resistance and lead them to this accomplishment. -
Tanzimat Reforms
The Ottomans had too much power before the reforms, so this was a attempt stop the decline of Ottoman power.The Tanzimat Reforms are a series of reforms made by the Ottoman Empire and put to use from 1820 to 1879. These reforms were heavily influenced by the European ideas, were intended to make a fundamental change of the empire from the old system based on principles to that of a modern state.They aimed to remove the capitulations and made several codes based on the French legal system. -
Opium Wars
Their victory opened up the China trade to British merchants, this was all done with the full blessing of the British government.The roots of the Opium War lay in a trade dispute between the British and the Chinese Qing Dynasty. By the start of the 19th century, the trade in Chinese goods such as tea, silks and porcelain was extremely lucrative for British merchants.The war ended with the Treaty of Nanking enabling the British to carry on their mercantile transactions with whoever. -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a rebellion against the Qing dynasty in China, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions. The Rebellion had fallen when it was defeated by Qing armies, known as the new armies, which had been given permission to be assembled by the dynasty to defeat the Taipings. It was estimated that at least 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. The Rebellion led to the end of dynastic rule in China. -
Sepoy Mutiny
The East India Company traded with the Mughal Empire, the Company needed to secure its commercial posts at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. It purchased land from Indian rulers to build settlements on and recruited native armed forces to protect them. Eventually, these evolved into the Bengal, Bombay and Madras Armies. The sepoy Mutiny was the first War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in. -
Meiji Revolution
Before the Meiji Revolution was the final era of traditional Japanese government, which propelled the country into the modern era. These two leaders were brought together for the purpose to challenge the Tokugawa shogunate and restoring the Emperor. Meiji Revolution was caused by the internal problems in Japan, which made ruling the country too difficult. Feudal system was starting to decay and the emperor legitimized the movement by connecting it to a tradition that encouraged everyone to unify -
Scramble for Africa
In Africa many valuable raw materials were found like rubber, palmi oil, ivory, cotton, tin, gold, and diamonds. Most European powers began to start a rivalry over the materials they had gathered and the territory in Africa. The Berlin Conference in 1884 declared that the U.S. would be involved with South American caused by the very little stability they had. Following the scramble for Africa led to the partitioning of ethnicities across the newly created African states. -
Berlin Conference
Before the Berlin Conference, Africa was split up into different sections consisting of multiple native groups. The land was divided by distinct physical characteristics.The Berlin Conference was convened to discuss African colonization, with the aim of setting up guidelines for making claims to African land to avoid conflict between European powers. The leaders also agreed to allow free trade among the colonies and established a framework for negotiating future European claims in Africa.
