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Period: to
Steps to Limited Monarchy
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Hampton Court Conference
James rejected the advances of the Puritans to appoint bishops in a more representative way. This raised suspicious between both sides and a small fault of doubt started to form. -
England Enters Another War with Spain
Parliament was sympathetic to the cause against Spain; however, they did not fund the war effort enough because it did not trust the monarchy enough. This was one of the first aggressive moves by Parliament to show that improperly taxing citizens is not the way to finance a war. -
Charles I comes to power
Charles I resorted to procedures that did not include parliamentary consent. He levied duties and tariffs, tried to collect defunct taxes, and forced English property owners to take out a loan with terrible financing terms. Charles then jailed those who did not pay the taxes. This bothered the English public and created more of a rift between the monarchy, Parliament, and the English public. -
Petition of Right
The Petition of Right laid out Parliament's demands if Charles I wanted more money to be directed towards the war effort. This gave the English public hope that they can bargain even with royalty. The added rights of no imprisonment without due process of law and no forced taxes allowed Parliament to have the upper hand in negotiations from now on. -
Battle of Newburn
The Scots defeated the English which made Charles I lose staying power. Charles was then forced to reconvene Parliament and accept their terms of fixing a laundry list of social and political issues. This weakened Charles I even further because Parliament, the legislative body of the people, was now seemingly becoming more powerful and influential than the monarchy. -
Long Parliament
Received widespread support from the public. It abolished the biased royal policy courts and prevented new oppressive taxes from being levied. The king could also no longer dissolve Parliament without Parliament's consent. -
Charles I Executed
Cromwell's army defeated the Cavaliers. This led to large scale Parliamentary power while Cromwell conquered Ireland and Scotland. Charles II was reinstated as monarch later and established and upbeat tone to remain popular with the public.
