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Frederick William III of Prussia
King of Prussia who ruled during the Napoleonic Wars and at the end of the Holy Roman Empire -
Period: to
Tsar Alexander I
Emperor of Russia who ruled during the Napoleonic Wars and drove back Napoleon's invasion of Russia -
Period: to
Louis XVIII
Reigned as French monarch after the exile of Napoleon but was restricted by the newly created constitutional monarchy system of government. -
Establishment of German Confederation
Created by the Congress of Vienna to coordinate economies of separate German-speaking countries after the dissolving of the Holy Roman Empire -
Union of Netherlands and Belgium
Created in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, it was a constitutional monarchy which was formed by various regions of the Low Countries. -
Karlsbad Decrees
Restrictions passed by the states of the German Confederation. Created after a conference in Karlsbad, Bohemia, which was done in a reaction to growing nationalism and sentiment of German unification. -
Peterloo Massacre
A cavalry charge into a crowd demanding the reform of parliamentary representation, resulting in 15 deaths and multiple injuries. Occurred in Manchester, England -
Period: to
Charles X
King of France who initiated the Conquest of Algeria. He was the last of the French rulers from the senior branch of the House of Bourbon. -
Decembrist Revolt
Took place in Imperial Russia where Russian Army officers led about 3000 soldiers in protest of Tsar Nicholas I's assumption of the throne -
Period: to
Tsar Nicholas I
Emperor of Russia known for expanding the empire and suppression of dissent. His policies became disastrous for the country -
Belgian Independence
Conflict which led to the secession of provinces from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands after the unification of the countries. -
Polish Uprising
The November Uprising was an armed rebellion that occurred in partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire -
Period: to
Louis-Philippe
King of France who fled the country after the deposition and execution of his cousin Louis XVI, but returned during the Bourbon Restoration and assumed the throne after Charles X's abdication. He was later exiled and live in the United Kingdom. -
Period: to
King Charles Albert
Became King of Sardinia after the death of his cousin Charles Felix. He adopted the idea of a federal Italy from the Pope and would gran the Albertine Statute. -
Reform Act
Also known as the Representation the People Act 1832, this was an act by Parliament in the UK to introduce massive changes to the electoral system of England and Wales. -
Poor Law
An act of Parliament passed the Whig Party under Earl Grey which attempted to the poverty relief system in England and Wales. -
Period: to
Emperor Ferdinand I
Ruler of Austria who also served as President of the German Confederation. In power until his abdication following revolution. -
Repeal of Corn Laws
Placed a lower import cost on wheat and other grains coming into Britain from colonies. The repeal devastated Canada's economy. -
Establishment of Second Republic
Short-lived Republican government of France under Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. -
June Days
Uprising staged by the workers of France in response to plans to close the National Workshops, which were created by the Second Republic to provide work and a source of income -
Revolution in Germany
Opening phase of March Revolution. Loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation -
Election of Louis-Napoleon as French president
First elected president of France. After being constitutionally forbidden from being re-elected, he seized power in 1851 and became Emperor of the French -
Revolt in Austrian Empire
With various ethnic groups contained within and a growing sense of nationalism, revolt broke out. Revolution in Germany simultaneously did not help as unification became a stronger movement. Metternich was dismissed after running the economy into the ground. -
Period: to
Francis Joseph I
Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and monarch of other Austro-Hungarian states. Also served as president of the German Confederation -
Period: to
Frankfurt Assembly
First freely elected parliament of Germany. They adopted a constitution with a foundation of basic rights and rejected any form of monarchy.
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