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From Henry VII to Elizabeth I
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In England; Protestant who opened the Church of England (Anglicans)
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Wittenburg, Germany
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Reform leader in Switzerland
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Charles V sets up a diet and invites Luther
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Sparked by discontent towards landlord in the name of the Reformation; Luther condemns
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Henry divorces Catherine
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Russia; traditionalist, built the St.Basil's Cathedral, ruthless leader, created the Oprichniks (secret police), found arctic port of Archangel, suppressed the boyars (Russian nobility)
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Legislation passed by parliament which grants the children of Anne legitimate and not Mary
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In Geneva, begins Calvinism
- belief in predestination and a hard work ethic -
In England, sparked because of the closure of monasteries, abolition of papal supremacy, and issuing of enclosures (led by Robert Aske in the north)
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Similar to Spanish Inquisition which killed any non-catholics
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Part of the Counter Reformation
- affirmed 7 sacraments, veneration of saints, ultramontanism, church hierarchy, better training for priests -
Fought between Charles V and the League of Protestant princes/states
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In England, Protestant
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In England, Catholic, very brutal against non-Catholic, daughter of Catherine and Henry
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Treaty between Charles V and Schmalkadic League which granted princes the ability to dictate the religion in their state
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In England, Protestant
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Opens the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
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8 wars
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Catholic attack on Huguenots in France; mainly set up by Catherine de Medici (Valois regent at the time)
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Attempt by the Spanish to invade England but was shut down by Elizabeth
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Established by Henry IV (Navarre/ originally a Huguenot) which granted lords the right to hold Protestant services and gave the civil rights to both groups
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England
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Austria, Holy Roman Emperor, France, Spain vs. Bohemia, Sweden
Catholics vs. Protestants -
Dissolves the Parliament in 1629
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Royalists (Caveliers) vs. Parliamentarians (Roundheads; Puritans)
Sparked by tensions between the King and Parliament -
France; built Versailles, weakened nobility's power, advisor: Cardinal Mazarin
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Same principle of princes controlling the religion in their land (non-intervention in the internal affairs of another state)
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French civil wars between nobles and the monarchy (Louis' reign)
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No monarch, controlled by Thomas Cromwell
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Re-establishment of the Monarch after Cromwell's rule
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Russia; modernized/westernized Russia, expanded trade routes to Baltic and Black Sea, built new capital of St.Petersburg, closed the Streltsy (Moscow guards)
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Louis XIV revokes Edict to maintain control but thousands of successful Huguenots leave which weakens the economy
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England; limited monarchy and parliamentary supremacy established
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Prussia (German microstate); created an effective army (first standing army, marched in step, lots of training) and created the Potsdam Giants (tall soldiers), Junkers ( Prussian nobles)