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1492
Columbus "discovers America"
lands in Hispaniola thinks he is in India -
1519
Conquistadores “Conquerors” Hernando Cortez
claimed the new colonies for Spain
conquered the Aztec Empire
most Aztec died from small pots and measles -
1532
Conquistadores Francisco Pizarro
Claimed new colonies for Spain
Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru -
1539
Conquistadores Hernan de Soto
Assisted Pizarro with the conquest of the Inca
First to discover and cross the Mississippi River -
Period: 1565 to
Spain
Conquered the Native Americans and established New Spain. -
Period: to
England
Roanoke-1st attempt at English settlement “The Lost Colony”.
Founded on Roanoke Island off the coast NC. -
Jamestown, Virginia
1st successful English settlement! 1607- founded by the Virginia Company. Primarily settled to make money. -
France
only catholics allowed in the new territory except for french protestants
became fur traders
all decisions made by the monarch of France -
Dutch Republic
Land tracts called patroonships. 50 tenants to the colony. few restriction on who could settle in New Amsterdam, kept settlers from being attracted from the area. -
Roger Wiliams
Believed in religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of the Native Americans. Considered a “separatist”. Banished from Massachusetts in 1636. Left and established Providence, Rhode Island on land bought from the Native Americans. -
Anne Hutchinson
Held private prayer meetings and challenged authority of Puritan ministers and leaders. Brought up on heresy chargers in 1637. Banished from colony and moved to Rhode Island. -
Pequot War
-Pequot Indians in connecticut resisted white settlement. In 1637 Pequot were virtually wiped out by the English. -
Period: to
King Philip's War
Involved the Wampanoag Indians in the Plymouth Colony. They began to attack white settlement. Indians were defeated and marked the end to Indian resistance in New England. -
Period: to
French and Indian War
Native Americans and French against the British. Fighting the french settlers and Native Americans over land. The British won. -
Proclamation
After the French and Indian War, King George issues proclamation to organize new territory, cut off any expansion to the west. -
The Sugar Act
Previous tax on sugar and molasses was no being paid. Colonists smuggled to avoid paying tax.
George Grenville of Parliament reduced the tax but increased enforcement, hoping to be able to collect it. -
Stamp Act
Printed materials must be printed on stamped paper. -
Quartering Act
Parliament required colonists to provide living quarters(housing and supplies) to British soldiers in the colonies. -
Battle of Quebec
was a turning point, helped decide who was going to own most of North America. -
Land of Ordinance
Divided the Ohio Territory. 36 square units with 16 units set for schools. -
Northwest Ordinance
Outlawed slavery in the area. 5,000settlers could sen non voting to Congress. 60,000 settlers could apply for statehood. -
Judiciary Act
No details for a court system in the Constitution
Federal law remained the “Supreme Law of the Land” -
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
Cotton gin- 1793-cleaned the seeds out of cotton
Speed up the cleaning of seeds
Revolutionized the cotton crop
Demand for cotton from Great Britain for textile
South becomes”Cotton Kingdom & financially dependent on cash crops & slavery
Increased the need for slavery -
Jay’s Treaty - Great Britain
British began stopping US ships bound for France and impressing seamen (taking US sailors captive and forcing them to serve the British)
Intended to hurt the French, but hurt US trade -
Pinckney’s Treaty - Spain
Opened up the southern part of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
Established the northern border between Spanish Florida and the US -
Election
-Federalist President
-Democratic Rep Vice President -Constitution did not call for separate Electoral votes for President and vice President. -
Period: to
12th Amendment
-Problems with the Elections of 1796 & 1800
in which votes were cast for all candidates, including running mates for Vice President, the electoral College was required to cast separate ballots for President and Vice President. -
Convention
-Meeting between United States and France over the Quasi-Wars - conflict in the Caribbean over shipping and trade
-Hostility between US and France following the XYZ Affair -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
-Jefferson also wanted scientific information about unknown plants and animals collected and Native Americans
-Lewis chose William Clark to be second in command
-The Corps of Discovery left St. Louis, Missouri on May 14, 1804
-Along the way, a Native American woman was enlisted to serve as a guide and interpreter - Sacajawea -
Embargo Act
British impressments of US sailors continued, in spite of Jay’s Treaty
-British blockading US ships bound for France
-US did not want to get involved with problems between Britain and France
-President Jefferson declared an embargo(no trade) with Britain and France -
Madiosn President
-4th President of the US
-Democratic Republican ,Formerly a Federalist
Led the nation into the War of 1812 -
McCullough v. Maryland
-1819 Supreme Court(John Marshall) ruled that Congress had the right to establish a national bank under the Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause of the Constitution.
-Power of federal government over state government. -
Panic
Us Faced widespread economic problems
-Foreclosures
-Bank Failures
-Unemployment
-Slump in agriculture and manufacturing -
Adams Onis Treaty
-Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
-Negotiated a treaty with Spain 1819
-Us acquired Florida and established a firm boundary between the Louisiana Territory and Spanish territory in the west. -
Erie Canal
Opened in 1825
Increase in trade decrease in shipping rates and shipping time
COnnected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean. -
Election
Andrew Jackson elected president
Jackson defeated Adams in parts as a result of the Tariff of Abominations, -
Period: to
Texas
Mexico gained independence from Spain - Texas part of Mexico *Stephen Austin-led a group of settlers to Texas-Mexican government led by General Santa Anna exerted controls over settlers -1830a *Sam Houston-led the settlers into a rebelion declared texas independence -1836 -
William L. Garrison
William Lloyd Garrison Founded The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper -1831 -
Worcester v. Georgia
Worcester V. Georgia -1832
The cherokee appealed to the US Supreme Court
Court ruled that the Cherokee had a right to remain on their land and could not be forcibly removed -
The Whig Party
The Whig Party – “King Andrew”
Jackson enemies felt he acted like a king- “king Andrew”
National republicans changed their name to the Whig party in 1833
Named themselves after the Whigs in England who resisted King George III -
Trail of Tears
President Jackson ignored the court's decision
Troops sent to round up Cherokee and move them to Oklahoma
800 mile march in 1835
Over a quarter of the Cherokee died from disease, starvation, and weather exposure -
Polk Election
Won by Democrat James K. Polk - first “dark horse” winner in US history
Election 1844
won due to Whip opponent Henry's Clay avoidance of the issue of annexation of Texas and Oregon
Called for the annexation of both Texas and Oregon -
Oregon
US owned the Oregon territory jointly with Great Britain
-Thousands of US settlers began moving to Oregon
-President Polk approached Britain proclaiming “”54-40, or fight!” - claimed US had rightful claims to Oregon territory
-british accepted fearing loss of trade with US 49th parallel used as official boundary
Oregon became a state in 1846 -
Period: to
Mexican War
-Mexico upset over US annexation of Texas
-Polk sent troops to Texas border to settle US-Mexico border dispute and to negotiate the purchase of California and New Mexico
-Mexican president refused to talk, and war soon followed
-Congress declared war on May 12, 1846 - Mexico eventually surrendered
-War was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Called for the Mexican Cession -
Women’s Rights Movement
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth
* Organized the first women’s rights convention – Seneca Falls Convention
-1848-Stanton called for women to be given the right to vote -
California Gold Rush
-Gold was discovered in California in 1848
People rushed to California to get rich quick they became known as “49 ers”
Huge population increase -
Mexican Cession
-Result of Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ended Mexican War
1848- Mexico gave up New Mexico California territories to the United States in exchange for payment -
Gadsden Purchase
-Gave the United States parts of New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million from Mexico
-1853 Land purchased to run a transcontinental railroad
Manifest destiny complete -
Election of 1864
Lincoln in danger of not being reelected
-Some northerners upset over the war -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Congress passed with the intention of giving citizenship rights to African Americans -
Election of 1876
Grant’s administration surrounded by corruption (Whiskey Ring, Credit Mobilier) -
Compromise of 1877
-Democrats agreed to give Hayes the presidency