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Napoleonic Wars
-Increased tension across Europe
-Date of Napoleon's coup d'etat
-Britain and France attempt to cut each other off from US trade
-Leads to War of 1812 -
William Henry Harrison
-Appointed governer of Indiana territory by Thomas Jefferson
-Gave natives an ultimatum-could convert themselves into settled farmers or migrate west of the Mississippi -
The Continental System
-Napoleon attempts to challenge Great Britain economically by cutting them off from trade
-Great Britain/France begin seizing US merchant ships
-Beginning of impressment -
Tecumseh and the Growth of Prophetstown
-Shawnee Chief
-Expanded influence among Native Americans
-Extremely militant against encroaching whites
-Developed Prophetstown; became important center of Indian protection -
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident (Impressment)
-British navy claiming right to seize defectove British sailors or British-born American citizens
-British ship, Leopard, opens fire on US ship, Chesapeake, due to General James Barron's refusal to allow the British to search the Chesapeake
-Took American borns as British deserters -
The Embargo
-Prohibited American ships from leaving harbor for any foreign destination
-Created minor depression; trade greatly declined
-Revoked in 1808
-Northeast hardest hit; most were Federalists -
Election of 1808
-Presidency won by James Madison
-Non-Intercourse Act passed by Congress; reopened trade with all states but Britain and France -
Non Intercourse Act
-Reopened trade with all nations but Great Britain and France -
Macon's Bill No. 2
-Allowed Non-Intercourse Act to expire
-Reestablished trade with France
-Gave Great Britain an ulitmatum--forced to repeal blockade of Europe by 1811 -
Battle of Tippecanoe
-Battle provoked by Harrison
-Drove off Indians and burned Prophetstown while Tecumseh was away
-Placed native confederacy in disarray -
Indian Retaliation
-Indians raid white settlements in retribution for the brutal destruction of Prophetstown
-Raids frequently launched across Florida border -
War Hawks
-Growth in power of war hawks (advocates of war)
-Henry Clay and John Calhoun were extremely influential
-Clay became Speaker of the House in 1811; filled offices with war enthusiasts -
Invasion of Canada
-Amercan forces invaded Canada through Detroit and burned the capital of York
-Forced to retreat to Detroit and surrender -
Declaration of War
-James Madison approved declaration of war on Great Britain -
British Counterattack
-No longer preoccupied by the Napoleonic Wars across Europe; began counterattacking effectively -
Put-In Bay
-Oliver Hazard dispersed a British fleet at Put-In Bay
-Made another invasion of Canada through Detroit possible -
Battle of the Thames
-Fought between William Harrison and the British
-Tecumseh killed; served as a brigadier general in the British army
-Death of Tecumseh weakened native resolve; diminished ability to maintain claims in the Northwest Territory -
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
-Jackson's retribution for the Indian raids over the Florida border
-Broke the resistance of the Creeks; slaughtered women, men, and children alike
-Tribe agreed to cede lands and move westward -
Burning of Washington
-British troops entered Washington and burned the White House to the ground in retaliation for the American burning of York
-Dispersed poorly-trained American militiamen
-Proceeded to Baltimore -
Battle of Plattsburgh
-US forces turned back a major British naval and land force attempting to invade
-Occurred in New York -
Star Spangled Banner
-Francis Scott Key wrote the poem "The Star Spangled Banner" while watching battle from a British ship
-Put to tune of British drinking song
-Became the US's national anthem -
Pensacola
-Jackson seized Spanish fort at Pensacola, Florida -
Hartford Convention
-Met to discuss secession of New England from the Union
-Proposed seven amendments to the Constitution as New England's condition to staying in the Union
-Designed to protect New England from the growing interests of the South and West
-Jackson won in New Orleans; crushed all Federalist hopes of secession -
Treaty of Ghent
-Americans gave up demand for a British renunciation of impressment
-Great Britain gave up calls for Indian buffer state
-Hastily drawn up; named after Dutch city where it was signed
-No real, long-lasting effects -
Battle of New Orleans
-Great Britain advanced on Jackson's troops, but they were no match for Jackson's men who were deeply barricaded and hidden
-The British had 700 dead, 1400 wounded, and 500 prisoners
-Most significant battle of the war, even though it occurred after the war ended -
Rush-Bagot Agreement
-Mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes