-
Apr 11, 1516
Reign of Charles V
Charles V became king of Spain. He ruled the Spanish colonies in the Americas as well. He fought to suppress protestantism in the German states. Charles also faced the Muslim Ottoman empire which was based on Turkey. -
Apr 11, 1556
Charles V Abdicates
The Hapburg was too difficult to rule for anyone to rule effectively. He gave up his titles and entered a monastery in 1556. He divided his empire giving some land to his brother Ferdinand, and to his son Philip II. -
Apr 11, 1560
Henry IV restores Order
In the late 1500's France was torn apart by wars, but a century later it was a strong, unifiied nation. Henry fought against fierce Catholic opsition in order to gain control of france. -
May 21, 1571
Reign of Phillip II
Phillip II reigned from May 21, 1527 until September 13, 1598. He inherited Spain, spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. He was hard working, and worked alone. In 1580, he inherited Portugal. During his reign he defended catholicism against protestants and muslims. In 1588 he launched the spanish armada, but the massive fleet failed. -
Reign of James I Of England
Inherited the throne after the death of Queen Elizabeth I.
He agread to rule according to English Laws
Struggled with Parliament over money and Puritanism. -
Thirty Years War
The fighting took a terrible roll, there were burned villages, destroyed crops, and killing without mercy. It was because the Catholic King of Bohemia tried to suppress Protestants and assert royal power over nobels. Statistics estimate that one third of the German state people died as result of the war. -
Reign of Charles I
Son of James I.
Agreed to creation of Petition of Rights:
-He would not imprison subjects without due cause
-Would not levy taxes without parliamrnt consent
-Would not house soldiers in private homes
He died on January 30, 1649. -
English Civil War
The English Civil War lead towards the English bill of a rights.
It lasted From 1642 to 1649.
Between supporters and opponents of King Charles I.
Charles' supporters were called Royalists and Parliament supporters were Puritans. -
Peace at last
The exhausted combats accepted a treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia. They were dreamed to bring a general European peace and settle other international problems. France emerged as a clear winner, gaining terriotories on the Spanish and German territories. -
The reign of Louis XIV
He believed in his divine right to rule, and he took the sun as his symbol of absolute powe. He streghtened the Royal Power by following the policies of Richelieu. He has new lands cleared for farming, encouraged mining, and other basic industries, and built the strongest army in Europe. -
Reign of Peter the Great
Gets in contact with the Western Europe in order to learn from greater civilizations which led to the Westernization of Russia.
He introduced potatoes, which became a Russian diet staple
Started Russia's first newspaper
He raised the status of women
Peter ordered nobles to wear Western fashion
Peter also advanced education by opening schools -
A strong state declines
At the end of Louis' reign France was very strong, however some of his desitions caused France's prosperity to decline. He spent a lot of money into wars, which he didn't win. He saw the Huguenots as a threat, but they were actually hard workling and his expulsion caused trouble to France's economy. -
Reign of Frederick the Great
Frederick was son of king Frederick William, who worried his son was not manly enough to be king.
He proves to his father wrong and fights in the War of Austrian Succession
He also fought in the Seven Years' War, bringing Prussia to victory both times. -
The rivalry of great powers
The great European powers included Austria, Prussia, France, Britain, and Russia. They formed various treaties to mantain balance on powers. But their rivalties resulted into the 7 year war and was fought between Europe, India, Africa, and North America -
Reign of Catherine the Great
Since she was a princess she was converted to Orthodoxy after getting married to Duke Peter of Holstein, grandson of Peter the Great.
She had no feeling for Peter and was included in a plan to remove him from the throne.
After, she took power of queen
She was named Catherine II.
