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1479
The Unification of Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain after their marriage in 1469. This unification was the union of Aragon and Castile, or eastern and western Spain. -
Period: 1509 to 1547
King Henry VIII rules England
King Henry VIII is most well known for his many wives. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I rules England
Elizabeth I is known for the exploration of the New World. -
The Edict of Nantes is published
This edict granted Protestant rights in a Catholic nation. -
Don Quixote is published
Don Quixote is considered to be the first modern novel. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years War
This war was basically a battle between protestants and Catholics under Emperor Ferdinand II in the Holy Roman Empire. -
The Petition of Rights is signed
This petition was a English constitutional document that set out specific individual protections. -
Period: to
Charles II reigns England, Scotland, and Ireland
He guided his country through the religious unrest between the Anglicans, Catholics, and dissenters. -
Period: to
Louis XIV reigns France
Louis is often the icon of an absolute monarch and a strong centralized state. -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
This parliament was summoned by King Charles I and it was named this to be distinguished from the Short Parliament. It gradually removed more and more power from the King. -
The Peace of Westphalia is signed
This document ended the Thirty Years War and started an anti-Hapsburg revolt. -
"Leviathan" is published
Thomas Hobbes wrote this book in response to the political turmoil during the English Civil Wars. -
Period: to
Peter the Great rules Russia
Peter the Great is best known for supporting and putting forth western policies in a radical manner. -
The Glorious Revolution
England was invaded by a foreign army and king Charles II fled. -
The English Bill of Rights is signed
Much content from the English Bill of Rights is in the First Amendment. -
"The Second Treatise of Civil Government" is published
John Locke published this document and it was a major statement of the political philosophy that he held. -
Sebastian Bach Career High
About this time, Sebastian Bach, a classical music composer, was a musician in the court of Duke Johann Ernst in Weimar. -
"Robinson Crusoe" is published
Robinson Crusoe is a story about a young Englishman who sails on a dangerous sea voyage. -
"Gulliver's Travels" is published
Jonathan Swift makes a volume with satire about human nature and travelers' tales. -
Period: to
Frederick II reigns Prussia
Frederick II reformed the judicial system. -
Baron de Montesquieu publishes "The Spirit of Laws"
The Spirit of Laws was a treatise on political theory. -
Period: to
Don Diderot's Encyclopedia is published
This encyclopedia is a 28 volume reference book. -
Period: to
The Seven Years War
This war was a global conflict that involved most of the European powers and was mostly fought in Europe, the Americas, and the Asia-Pacific region. -
"Candide" is published
Voltaire published this book is retaliation to a German proponent of Optimism. -
Period: to
King George the III rules England
King George was king when America started revolting. -
"Social Contract" is published
This document constructs a society in which individual wills are combined into a general will. -
Period: to
Catherine the Great rules Russia
Catherine was famous for many things including educational reform. -
Period: to
Joseph II reigns Austria
He sought to introduce administrative, economic, and legal reforms. -
The Boston Massacre
British troops killed five of a crowd of about 300 hundred for verbally harassing them. -
The Boston Tea Party
An American protest where they dumped chests of tea into the Boston harbor. -
The Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts were a series of four laws to punish the American colonies for the Boston Tea Party. -
The Battle of Lexington and Concord
This was the first battle of the American Revolution. -
Adam Smith publishes "Wealth of Nations"
The Wealth of Nations was a foundational treatise in economic thought. -
The Declaration of Independence in signed
The Declaration of Independence was a document that Kotik calls the greatest breakup letter in history. The American Colonies declared independence from Britain. -
The Battle of Yorktown
British general Charles Cornwallis surrendered his army to George Washington. -
The Treaty of Paris is signed
This treaty ended the American Revolution. -
The US Constitution is ratified
The US Constitution is a document that forms the foundation for the American government. -
The Tennis Court Oath
This oath was taken by the French Third Estate in a tennis court that was supposed to be for the Versailles palace. The oath was that they would never disband until a written French constitution was established. -
The Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille was when revolutionary individuals took control of the medieval armoury. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man issued
The Declaration of the Rights of Man basically said that no authority cannot have power that does not come directly from the people. -
Women march on Versailles
This was an influential early event of the French Revolution. Women marched onto the royal palace at Versailles. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Women issued
This declaration was a recognition of the problem of gender inequality. -
"A Vindication of the Rights of Women" is published
Mary Wollstonecraft published this to argue that the education system seem to deliberately train women to be incapable. -
Period: to
The Radical Phase
This phase of the French Revolution is named for how many atrocities took place. -
The National Convention is founded
This convention was an assembly of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of the time. -
The Public Committee of Safety is created
This committee formed the provisional government and war cabinet during the Reign of Terror. -
Period: to
The Reign of Terror
This period in the French Revolution is known for its massacres and executions. -
The Five Man Directory is created
A governing five member committee in the French First Republic. -
Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of France
Napoleon is best known for his incredible military genius. -
The Battle of Trafalgar
This battle took place between the British and the combined French and Spanish during the War of the Third Coalition. -
The Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz was one of Napoleons greatest victories and the first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition. -
The Battle of Leipzig
Tsar Alexander I decisively defeated Napoleon Bonaparte in this battle. -
Period: to
Napoleon is exiled to Elba
Napoleon was exiled to an island just off the coast of Italy. -
Period: to
The Congress of Vienna
This congress reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. -
Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena
St. Helena was supposed the be a place where Napoleon could not escape.
