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Oct 6, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
A line of demarcation set by the treaty designated what is now Brazil for Portugal and the rest of South America for Spain. -
Oct 6, 1499
La Española established
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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Absolutism and Global Politics
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Oct 6, 1500
Nueva Cadiz established
In what is now Venezuela on Cubagua Island -
Oct 6, 1516
Spanish arrive at Rio de la Plata
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Oct 2, 1519
Charles V rules Spain
-Holy Roman Emperor
-Ruled Spain and the Holy Roman Empire
-Always at war with France, Spain, and Ottoman Empire -
Oct 6, 1519
First expedition of Hernan Cortes
Cortes sailed to the New World looking for wealth, specifically gold. He conquered the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and killed many native people in the name of Christianity. -
Jan 1, 1520
Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent rules
Spans from 1520 - 1566. During his reign, he seized Belegrade (1521) and Hungary (1526). He began expanding the empire out east towards the Mediterranean, because the Ottomans did not colonize in the New World. -
Oct 6, 1527
Fort Sancti Spiritu established
Under Spanish control, near the Paraná River -
Oct 6, 1533
Russian Expansion
Spanned from 1533-1689. Russia began to expand its domestic borders to includ a parge part of Serbia. -
Oct 6, 1534
Jaques Cartier
Sent by the French to explore Newfoundland and the St. Lawrence River. It resulted in an attempt to create the first European city in North America at Quebec City. -
Oct 6, 1536
Battle of Cajamarca
Led by Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro, Spain captured the Emperor of the Inca, Athualpa, and his empire. It took many decades of fighting to secure the formerly dominant empire. -
Oct 6, 1536
Buenos Aires established
Established under Spanish rule in modern day Argentina -
Oct 6, 1537
Asuncion established
Under Spanish rule in what is now Paraguay -
Oct 2, 1556
Phillip II rules Spain
-Son of Charles V
-Ruled Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italy, and the Americas
-Centralized power in Spain
-Created the absolute monarchy of Spain
-Considered himself to be the Guardian of Catholocism
-Frequently at war with the Ottoman Empire and the Netherlands
-Began the Golden Age of Spain -
Oct 7, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
Spanish King Philip II defeated the Ottoman Turks at sea in the Battle of Lepanto. They fought off the coast of Greece. This prevented the Ottoman Empire's spread into the Mediterranean region. -
Roanoke Colony
The first attempt at a permanent English colony, Roanoke, was established. This later became known as the "Lost Colony," because of it's colonist disappearance. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
England defeats the Spanish Armada. It began the decline of Spanish absolutism because it displayed a decrease of power and ability to expand into the Americas. -
Edict of Nantes
Under Henry IV, this document allowed for religious tolerance in France and created a more unified sense of nationalism. -
James I establishes English Absolutism
James I, of England, established Absolutism in rule. He believed he had the divine right to rule, and also believed in no balance of power (that he was to hold all power). He did things without the consent of the Parliament, and was also against the Puritans, a growing religious group at that time. -
French Guiana abandoned
As a result of American Indian hostility, tropical disease, and hardship, the colony was abandoned. -
Gunpowder Plot
The Catholics created what was called the "gunpowder plot", which was a plot to kill James I. This was not successful, and failed at the House of Lords (that date is now known as Guy Fawkes Day) -
Jamestown Settlement
The first successful English settlement on the Newfoundland, Jamestown. This was named after King James I. -
Henry Hudson - Northwest Passage
Henry Hudson, a Dutch navigator, went on an exploration to find the Northwest Passage. While he was unsuccessful in that, he did discover part of the Newfoundland (in present-day New York, what is now the Hudson Bay Area). -
Louis XIV
He created a national army, made Versailles the center of the government, and established religious unification. French absolutism thrived under his rule. -
France Antarctique
A second attempt by France to establish a colony in this place. French Huguenots under Nicolas Durand Dvillegaignon attempted to establish the colony. -
Thirty Years War
Under King Louis XIII, the religious war was between Spain and France. Though France suffered serious losses, Spain was defeated and France benefitted greatly. -
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony established
Two of the largest and most successful English establisments, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony. The MBC was settled by many Puritans. -
England at war with Spain
Charles I was constantly at war, mostly with Spain. He used the Parliament to his advantage when it was convenient (like for raising funds for the war), but as soon as they would deny his requests he would dissolve the Parliament and rule without them. This was another step closer to absolute rule for another ruler of England. -
Tobago was established
The first Dutch colony, Tobago, was established. Through the period of 1628 - 1677, more Dutch settlements were established in the Americas. -
Petition of Rights
Charles I agreed to not imprison those without a cause, no taxation without the agreement of the Parliament, no soldiers permitted in private homes, no marital rights in peacetime. He signed this agreement, but later dissolved the Parliament. -
Short Parliment
King Charles I called for the Parliament to meet because of a rebellion in Scotland, and because he needed money for war with France. He ended up dismissing the Parliament after 3 weeks. -
Long Parliment
Spanned from 1640-1660. This ended with the Tirenial Act, which declared that the Parliament must be called at least once every three years. This was an attempt to overrule Charles' absolute monarchy (which failed). -
English Civil Wars.
Spanned from 1642 - 1649. Fought against Royalists (Cavaliers, House of Lords, North and West, aristocracy, churhc, landowners, rural) and Parliamenterians (roundheads, Commons, South and East, Puritans, peasants). Supporters of Charles against parliament supporters--Parliamentarians win!!! -
Cayenne
The French colony was established and abandoned. It was later reestablished in the 1660s. -
Fronde Wars
French civil wars that went through 1653. They ended the practice of land-based aritocracy and brougth about the absolute monarchy. -
Pride's Purge
Cromwell purges the House of Commons, result was ‘Rump’, CHARLES I BEHEADED, vote 68-67 -
First Anglo-Dutch War.
Span from 1660-1665. Caused by disputes over trade, beginning with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping. This was a Naval war. The English won, resulting in their naval control over their surrounding waters, as well as the English monopoly on trade with the colonies. -
Saint-Domingue established
Established by the French on the island of Hispaniola. -
Second Anglo-Dutch War
Spaned from 1665 - 1667. This was the second of three Anglo-Dutch wars. Enland tried to end the Dutch's trade domination. The English were successful at first, but the Dutch ended up winning decisively. -
Peter the Great rules
Peter the Great rules Russia from 1672 - 1725. He was one of the larger rulers to establish Absolutism and begin expanding Russia past its borders. -
Third Anglo-Dutch War
Spanned from 1674-1678. This was part of a larger Dutch-Franco War. England's royal navy joined with France in an attack against the Republic. They were unsuccessful in blockading the Dutch, so they allied with France. -
John III Sobieski of Poland stops Ottoman Empire
King John III Sobieski of Poland stops the Ottoman Empire from capturing Habsburg's capital (Vienna). The Ottoman Empire began to suffer many military defeats, and the strength of their empire was declining. -
Wars between the French and Indians
Near Quebec City, center of fur trade. -
English Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights settled the King versus Parliament issues. This was used as a model for the United States' Bill of Rights, including a base for civil liberties. -
Russia split into 50 provinces.
Peter the Great split up Russia into 50 provinces (as opposed to the previous 8 provinces). This allowed for better rule because of Russia's increased size. He also required all landowners to serve in the military.