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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Rise of Absolutism in Europe
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Jan 1, 1517
Martin Luther Begins Protestant Reformation
This was finally established in 1555 and the1600's -
Period: Jan 1, 1519 to Dec 31, 1556
Charles V
The Grandson of King Ferdidnand and Queen Isabella. He carried the title of Holy Roman Emperor-->making him the ruler of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Constantly at war with France, Protestant and Ottoman Empire. Later in his life he became a monk. -
Period: May 21, 1527 to
King Philip II
Son of Charles V. Ruled Spain, The Netherlands, Southern Italy and Southern Americas. He centralized power in Spain. Considered himself the gaurdian of the Catholic Church. Created the golden century. -
Period: Oct 6, 1533 to
Tsar Ivan IV
He want to Muscovy the center of a mighty Russian Empire. Ivan tortured priests, killed numerous nobles, and murdered his son with an iron rod during a quarrel. Ivan initiated Russian expansion through Sibera. -
Period: Oct 6, 1540 to
New minds and exploration
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Period: Oct 6, 1556 to Nov 6, 1576
Revolt in the Netherlands
Calvinists in Netherlands attack Catholic Churches in 1556 and then King Phillip the III sent an army to put down resistance and in 1576 his army sacked Antwerp. -
Sep 8, 1559
Death of King Henry II (jousting tournament)
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Jan 1, 1560
Spread of Calvinism
Calvinism threatened to alter the religious balance of power in much of Europe -
Period: Jan 1, 1560 to Dec 31, 1570
The Religious division in nobility
Nobles started following different religions, a third of nobles started becoming and following the Huguenots -
Oct 1, 1560
Rise of Charles IX and his mother Catherine De Medicis
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Period: Oct 6, 1560 to
Witches
Trials of witches peaked in Europe. Most victims were female, and there were over 1000 trials. -
Jan 1, 1562
French Wars of Religion
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Period: Jan 1, 1562 to
French Wars of Religion
Calvinism spread into France after 1555. Calvinist nobles provided military protection to local congregations. And help set up a national organization for the French Calvinists (huguenots). In 1562 rival Huguenots began fiighting in a series of wars. -
Oct 6, 1563
39 Articles of Religion
Issued under Elizabeth I, incorporated the elements of Catholic ritual along with Calvinist doctrines -
Period: Oct 6, 1564 to
Galileo
Provided support to the heliocentric view, challenged church doctrine. Observed planets, and potrayed moving part of larger system. -
Jan 1, 1566
Calvinist Revolt against Spain
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Oct 6, 1568
Scottish Calvinists to abdicate the throne
Mary left ruling to her 1 year old son James I, eventually became King of England -
Period: Oct 6, 1568 to Oct 6, 1570
Moriscos
Muslims converts to Chrisitantiy who remained secretly faithful to Islam revolted in Southern Spain, killing 90 priests and 1500 Christians. -
Jan 1, 1569
Poland-Lithuania formed
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Jan 1, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
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Oct 6, 1571
Philip againts the Ottoman Turks
Achieved the single greatest victory of his reign when he joined with Venice and the Papacy to defeated the Turks in a great sea battle off the coast of Greece -
Jan 1, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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Aug 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
A blood bath began from years animostity between Catholics and Protestants, in three days Catholic mobs murdered 3000 Huguenots, over the next few weeks it was 10000 -
Oct 6, 1574
Rise of Henry III and Death of Charles IX
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Oct 6, 1580
King Philip II becomes the Catholic King
King of Portugal without an heir, and Philip takes the throne -
Assassination of William of Orange
Prince William of Orange came from the lands he owned in Southern France -
Dutch Rebels
Elizabeth I sent funds to the Dutch Rebels and dispatched 7000 soldiers to help them -
Mary's Beheading
When a letter from Mary offering her secession to Philip was discovered, her plan of executing a fellow monarch was also discovered. -
Beginning of the decline of Spanish absolutism
The Spanish armada was defeated by Queen Elizabeth I. The monarchies drained the treasury and neglected trade with the colonies. Decline of gold from the New World. -
King Philliip II and his Armada
King Phillip sent 130 ships to the English Channel. The English dispesed the armada using blazing ships. -
Death of Henry III rise of Henry IV
A fanatical monk stabbed Henry III to death, because Henry III has some guises from the Catholic league. -
Henry V embarrasses Catholicism
Within a few years from 1593 he defeated the Ultra Catholic oppostion and drove out the Spanish -
Period: to
Famine and disease
Most of Europe suffered from shortages of food and agriculture. This famine resulted in revolts from Ireland to Wascabi. -
Dutch Republic
Jews could openly worship in Synagogues. This openess to various religions would help make Dutch Republic chief religious and scientific centers -
Edict of Nantes
This granted Huguenots religious toleration throughout Europe -
Death of King Phillip II
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Shakespeare writes Hamlet
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Period: to
King James I
King James the I was chosen by Elizabeth I as her successor to be king of Scotland and England -
King James Bible was Authorized
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King Leer Written
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Don Queixote
Spanish writer Miguel captured the disappointment of the Imperial ambition of Spain -
Macbeth Written
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King Phillip III orders expulsion
Ordered the expulsion Moriscos from the Spanish territory, most relocated to North Africa. -
Assassination of Henry IV
He was trying to strengthen the monarchy, and this backfired -
Period: to
30 Years War
The last and deadliest of the Religious Wars, which started at the defenstration of two religious leaders. -
30 Years War
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Mayflower
Mayflower sails for America and lands in Massachussets where settlers founded Plymouth colony. -
Grotius, The Laws of and War and Peace
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The Plague
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Galileo forced to reacant
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French declare war on Spain
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Period: to
Louis XIV (French Absolutism)
He centralized the authority in to the hands of one monarch but had limitations in powership. He was considered the French model of absolutism. -
Period: to
Isaac Newton
Known for optics, mathematics, and the his master work of mathematics and fundamental laws of physics. -
Peace of West Phalia
Served as a province between conflicting states. -
Recognition of Dutch Independence from Spain
