-
Period: Jan 1, 1527 to
Reign of Phillip II
He was the most powerful and hard working rules in Europe. He was also deeply religious. He inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies -
Period: May 13, 1533 to
Reign of Ivan the Terrible
At 16 he names himself the first Russian Czar. From 1547-1560 is considered his good period. After 1560 his love Anastasia dies, after which he became a terrible ruler. -
Aug 23, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
It was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots -
Period: to
Reign of Henry of Navarre
He started the Edict of Nantes. He gave up Protestantism and became a Catholic. He restored the French monarchy to a strong position. -
Signing of the Edict of Nantes
It gave a house of worship in some cities for Huguenots. -
Period: to
James I
He was King of Scotland and became King of England because Queen Elizabeth had no heir. He was a Calvinist and Parliament didn't like him. He refused to make Puritan reforms other than the translation of the Bible. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIII
He was a weak king and appointed a strong minister to balance all of his weaknesses, because of this Cardinal Richelieu became the ruler of France. -
Period: to
Thirty Years' War
Hapsburg dominated the first 12 years. Germany took economic and social hits. Split the rest of Europe into seperate unions. All over religion. -
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
He moved against the Huguenots. He believed that Protestantism served as an excuse for political conspiracies against the Catholic king. He forbade Protestant cities from having walls. He wanted to weaken the nobles' power. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
He always needed money, so he asked Parliament. He agreed to the Petition of Rights, but ignored it afterwards. Parliament got angry and they began fighting which started a Civil War which lasted 7 years. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIV
Very strong likes and dislikes. He believed that all power radiated within. He devoted himself to helping France attain econimic, political, and cultural brilliance. He realized that wars had ruined Frances near his death and regretted the suffering of his people. -
Period: to
English Civil War
Supporters of and opponents of King Charles were the sides in the Civil War. Those who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalistic Cavaliers. The other side consisted of Purtians. -
Signing of the Peace of Westphalia
It ended the Thirty Years' War. It weakened Spain and Austria and strengthened France. It also made German princes independent of the Holy Roman emporer. It ended religious wars in Europe and introduced new methods of peace negotiation. -
Period: to
Reign of Oliver Cromwell
He killed Charles I in public. He abolished the monarchy and the house of lords. He ruled as a military dictator and sought to reform society. He abolished activities that he found sinful. He favored religious toleration for all Christians except Catholics. -
Period: to
Restoration of English Crown
During Charles II's reign he restored the monarchy, the theaters, sporting events, and dancing. Women gained more rights. Parliament passed habeas corpus. -
Louis XIV assumes full control of France
He weakened the power of the nowbles by excluding them from his councils. He increased power of intendants who collected taxes and administered justice. He made sure that local officials communicated with him. -
Glorious Revolution
Warless move by William and Mary to overthrow King James for the sake of Protestants. -
Period: to
Reign of Peter the Great
Had the mind of a genius and saw himself as a father to his people. He was cruel to his family, but one of Russia's greatest reformers. -
Period: to
Palace of Versailles started/ended
Louis XIV hoped to extract more control of the government from the nobility, and to distance himself from the population of Paris. It took 4 building campaigns to finish. -
English Bill of Rights
A document that listed things a ruler could not do. No suspending of Parliament's Laws.
No levying of taxes without specific grants from Parliament.
No interfering with freed of speech in Parliament.
No penatly for a citizen who petitions the king about problems -
Period: to
War of Spanish Succession
Louis XIV died and gave his 17 year old grandson power. As a result of this England, Austria, Dutch Rebulic, Portugal, and Germany Italian states went to war with France and Spain. -
Period: to
Reign of Frederick the Great
He was practicle and atheistic. He was an aggrssor in foreign affairs. He died without an heir. He earned his title "The Great" by achieving goals for Prussia. -
Period: to
Reign of Maria Theresa
She devoted herself to family, and religion. She decrease the power of nobility, limiting the amount of labor that nobles could force peasents to do. She outlived all 16 of her childern.
