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Period: May 12, 1556 to
Reign of Phillip II
During his reign, Spain was the foremost Western European power. Under his rule, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, directing explorations all around the world and settling the colonization of territories in all the known continents. -
Aug 23, 1572
St. Barholomew's Day Massacre
Starting on 23 August 1572 (the eve of the feast of Bartholomew the Apostle) with murders on orders of the king of a group of Huguenot leaders including Coligny, the massacres spread throughout Paris. Lasting several weeks, the massacre extended to other urban centres and the countryside. Modern estimates for the number of dead vary widely between 5,000 and 30,000 in total. -
Period: to
Reign of Henry of Navarre
kept away from war by switching for Catholic to Protestanism and declared that the Huguenots could liv in peace in france with the Edict of Nantes. -
Signing of the edict of Nantes
declaration of religious toleration. declaired the Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIII
Appointed a strong minester Cardinal Richelieu. -
Thirty Years War
Ended in 1648.the war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part. -
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
considered to be the world's first Prime Minister, in the modern sense of the term. He sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into a strong, centralized state. -
Palace at Versailless started / ended
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English Civil War
Ended in 1651. a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIV
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Signing of the Peace of Westphalia
~weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Autria
~Strengthened France by awarding it German Territory
~Made German Princes independent of the Holy Roman emperor
~ended religious wars in Europe
~introduced a new methos of peace negotiation whereby all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace. -
Louis XIV assumes full control of France
France's power was incresed, France ranked above all other European nations in art, literature, and statesmanship during his reign. The constant warfare and construction of the pallace of versailles ruined Frances Debt. -
Glorious Revolution
the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of English Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England. -
English Bill of Rights.
lays down limits on the powers of sovereign and sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in Parliament, the requirement to regular elections to Parliament and the right to petition the monarch without fear of retribution. -
War of Spanish Succession
Lasted until 1714. Fought among several European powers.resulted in the recognition of Philip as King of Spain while requiring him to renounce any claim to the French throne and to cede much of the Spanish Crown's possessions to the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Savoy and Great Britain, partitioning the Spanish Empire in Europe. -
Period: to
Reign of Maria Theresa
the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.
