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France Reclaims Vietnam
After having become it's own colony for a short period of time, France reclaims Vietnam as a colony after World War II. Once again, Ho Chi Minh and the other Vietnamese must fight against France for independence. Image: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/vietnam/ -
China Turns Communist
Asia showed the spreading of Communism when the Communist army of Mao Zedong overtook China. This strengthened the United State's goal to contain Communism in Asia. Image: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/china/ -
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A Time of Change
The 1960s were a time of change in everything. A change in the treatment of others, in the exploration of the universe, and even the struggles of a new war and an assasinated president. -
France Surrenders
After the United States decided not to send troops in response to the French requests, the French were forced to surrender. They surrendered at Dien Bien Phu, after having fought for eight years. Image: http://www.mhpbooks.com/the-french-are-coming-with-books/french-flag/ -
Separate Is Not Equal
Chief Justice Warren decides in the favor of Brown in the trial of Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. He decides that the black and white schools are not equal and integreation has to occur. Image: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html -
Little Rock Nine First Day
Upon arriving at the school, the nine black students were forced to go home. They had been met with many angry white students and adults and were sent home by the Arkansas National Guard. Image:http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/civilrights/ar1.htm -
Little Rock Nine Helped by Federal Troops
After Governor Faubus refused to integrate the school, President Eisenhower was forced to take extreme steps. He sent Federal Troops with fixed bayonets to ensure that the students were allowed into the school. Image: http://www.personal.psu.edu/t3b/courses/SpCom597Spring2002/spcom597Cspring2002syllabus.htm -
Castro Comes To Power
After two years of guerrilla war with Fulgencio Batista, the U.S. choice for dictator, Fidel Castro was able to take control of Cuba. His final attack on the capital city of Havana included a march of his rebel forces that had rose to join him. As the war had continued, Castro had gained more and more followers, until he had the confidence and power to make the final blow. Image: http://www.quotecollection.com/author/fidel-castro/2/ -
Sit-in For Equality
Students who would be denied service because of their rave decided to sit at lunch counters in protest. They make national new and encourage others to follow their peaceful protest mindset. Image: http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-postwar/6014 -
Mapp v. Ohio
The Supreme Court decided that search warrants apply not only to the Federal government, but also the state and local police as well. This decision was based upon the Fourth Amendment, which deals with searches and seizures. Image: http://www.clevelandmemory.org/legallandmarks/mapp/people.html -
JFK's Inquiry
John F. Kennedy demanded an inquiry about the societal position of women in the United States. The reports came back to say that women were indeed paid less than men and that their chances of being promoted were far less likely. Image: http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/oaPraRSbwEKIuJ2h-Bi2VA.aspx -
Cuban Exile Bombers Fail to Overtake Cuba
Cuban exiles flying old U.S. bombers fail their mission to destroy the Cuban airforce. This is the first step in the failure that was the Bay of Pigs invasion. After one of the bombers crashed in Key West, Kennedy decided to stop all of the other planned air strikes. This guaranteed the upcoming loss of the land invasion. Image: http://personal.ashland.edu/~jmoser1/eikenberryinvasion.html -
Freedom Riders
A group of volunteers left Washington, D.C. on buses with the destination of New Orleans. They wanted to inspire integration of the bus system, but were met with much violence. Image: http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/freedom-rides-1961 -
Man Will Reach the Moon within the Decade
In response to the Soviets sending a man into space in April, President John F. Kennedy makes a very bold proposal to Congress. He said that the United States would send a man to the moon within the decade and that the United States would work its hardest and be dedicated to achieving this goal. image: http://imagery77.blogspot.com/2012/06/race-to-moon.html -
The Berlin Wall
The Communist forces, led by Khrushchev. closed the cross over spot from East to West Berlin. At first the entrance from the two sectors was a simple barbed wire fence guarded by many soldiers, but soon became a huge concrete wall. Although destressed by this development, Kennedy was glad the Khrushchev had decided to build a wall and not declare a war. Image: http://www.cato.org/blog/obamacare-pro-market-berlin-wall-was-pro-migrant -
March on Washington
The largest civil rights demonstration occured in Washington, D.C., with more that 200,000 people attending. The demonstration ended with Martin Luther King, Jr.'s famous "I Have a Dream" speech. Image: http://misstraknowitall.blogspot.com/2011/01/beloved-community.html -
Kennedy Assassinated
While riding through Dallas, Texas in a motorcade, President John F. Kennedy was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald while seated next to his wife. They rushed to the hospital, but were unable to save the President's life. Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into office on Air Force One hours after the President died. Image: http://www.theredmountainpost.com/jfk-assassination-cover-up-blown-sky-high-6404/ -
War On Poverty
President Johnson is told about Kennedy's proposals against poverty and asks for these proposals to be at the top of his to-do list. Congress granted the Economic Opportunity Act in August 1964. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_-_Official_White_House_Portrait.jpg -
Mississippi Volunteer Goes Missing
One of the college students who had volunteered to help register African Americans in Mississippi to vote, Andrew Goodman, went missing. After being arrested overnight for speeding and paying the fine, he was never heard from again. The bodies of him and two friends were found a few days later. Image: http://www.queenstribune.com/guides/2006_MomentsInQueens/pages/AndrewGoodman.htm -
Berkeley Sit-ins
In response to the University's new rules about where speeches could be held, a former student set up a spot handing out CORE pamphlets in a banned area. In response to his arrest, many hundreds of students held sit-ins. Image: http://pdxretro.com/2011/12/the-berkley-sit-in-of-1964/ -
Hoover's Secret Program
J. Edgar Hoover put together a secret program to spy on those creating social unrest. This program went so far as to create false rumors within SNCC and the Black Panthers. Image: http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/j_edgar_hoover/index.html -
Grapes of Liberation
Farmworkers in Delano, California went on strike and refused to pick grapes. To gain more media attention, they also went to grocery stores and told people not to buy grapes until Latinos had social justice. Image: http://theprevailingethos.com/2012/10/09/obama-on-cesar-chavez-he-cared/ -
Operation Rolling Thunder
The air raid over North Vietnam was the United State's first major military operation in Vietnam. President Johnson hoped to weaken Northern Vietnam from the air and reassure the South Vietnamese. Image: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operation_rolling_thunder.htm -
The Selma Campaign
The Selma plan was arranged to get attention directed at gaining voting rights. African Americans marched to the places of registration in groups of thousands. Image: http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/On-This-Day--The-Selma-to-Montgomery-March-Begins.html -
Anti-war Demonstrations
The students for a Democratic Society led the first national anti-war demonstration when more than 20,000 people marched to the Capitol. They came bearing a petition for Congress asking them to stop the war. Image: http://blog.interexchange.org/career-training-usa/2012/05/10/u-s-involvement-in-the-vietnam-war/ -
Free Health Care
President Johnson creats Medicaid and Medicare as part of his Great Society. Both help to provide health care, with Medicaid being for the poor and Medicare being for the old. Image: http://www.bocahomecareservices.com/government/medicare-explained/ -
President Signs Voting Rights Act
President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 with Martin Luther King, Jr., James Farmer, and Rosa Parks in attendance. The law broke all that had once held African Americans back from voting. Image: http://www.secondpagemedia.com/jadblog/tag/voting-rights-act-of-1965/ -
Lady Bird's Bill
The Highway Beautification Act is passed after having been heavily pushed by Lady Bird Johnson. This limited the number of advertisements along highways and made funds for landscaping and rest areas. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson -
National Organization for Women
A group of feminists, people who believed that men and women were equal in society, politics, and economics, formed the National Organization for Women. The goal of the group was to stop violence against women and ensure abortion rights. Image: http://www.massnow.org/ -
The Start of Black Power
Stokely Carmichel became the leader of SNCC and ended the policy of nonviolence. He started the idea of Black Power, the African American's dependence on themselves to solve problems. Image: http://blackactivism.wordpress.com/2010/03/04/134/ -
Land Dispute Turns Deadly
The Federal Government had purchased much of the Mexican American land that had been protected after the Mexican-American War. Reies Lopez Tijerina and his followers went to the Rio Arriba County courthouse to reclaim their land, resulting in a gun battle. Image: http://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol3/chicano/chicano.html -
Violence in Detroit
A riot in Detroit killed 43 people and thousands were arrested or injured. This riot caused President Johnson the send the Kerner commission to find the causes of the riots. They claimed it was segregation. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement -
Congress Passes Civil Rights Act
This act banned discrimination in sale or rental of housing. This showed that although progress slowed, it did continue after Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated. Image: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3087021 -
Tet Offensive
The Vietcong started using the Ho Chi Minh Trail at an increasing frequency, leading to a series of large attacks on the United States forces. These attacks included 12 United States military bases and the U.S. Embassy. Image: http://www.onthisdeity.com/31st-january-1968-%E2%80%93-the-tet-offensive/ -
Johnson loses Cronkite
After the Tet Offensive, Walter Cronkite started to lose faith that the United States would be able to win the Vietnam War. After Cronkite stated his doubts publically, President Johnson realized that he had lost American support for the war. Image: http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/07/is-it-walter-cronkites-fault-why-olympic-announcers-keep-saying-beizhing/260556/ -
Johnson Refuses to Run
After much criticism and heartache caused by the war, President Johnson made the announcement that he would not campaign for re-election. He acknowledged the devastation he had caused with the Vietnam War and did not believe that he deserved to continue being president. Image: http://www.history.com/photos/lyndon-b-johnson/photo17 -
King Assassinated
Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray after a rally on April 3. Many riots occured as a result of the assassination. Image: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html -
Poor People's Campaign
This protest at the nation's capital turned out to ber a disaster because of bad weather and bad media relations. Without King's leadership, the group was unable to clearly state their purpose. Image: http://breakingbrown.com/http://breakingbrown.com/ -
Birthdays Draft
After the previous system of the draft had too many deferments for the wealthy, the government changed the method for the draft. Drafted men were now picked through the random selection of a birthday. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_lottery_(1969) -
National Chicano Liberation Youth Conference
Rodolfo Gonzales, who had founded the Crusade for Justice, sponsered the National Chicano Liberation Youth Conference. The goal of the conference was to reclaim the Southwest land and empower the Chicano community. Image: http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/mecha_intro.htm -
Woodstock Music and Art Fair
400,000 people came to see musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Joan Baez, and the Grateful Dead. This concert truly captured the spirit of the era. Image: http://astronationoftheunitedworlds.blogspot.com/2007/10/jimi-hendrix-and-gypsy-sun-rainbows.html -
Bombing Cambodia
Although he had kept it a secret for many months, President Nixon finally decided to tell the American people that he had been bombing Cambodia. In response, many anti-war protests occured on college campuses and much violence. Image: http://asianhistory.about.com/od/vietnam/ss/The-Vietnam-War-American-War-in-Photos_6.htm -
Kent State University
After the protestors set fire to the ROTC building on campus, the governor sent the National Guard to regain control. On May 4th, four students were killed and nine injured. Image: http://jonathanturley.org/2013/05/05/kent-state-43-years-later/ -
All In the Family
The new television show highlighted the differences in the adult and youth generations in their sitcom. With a father character who supported the Vietnam War and a son character who was a hippie, it supported the fact that the two generations did not understand each other. Image: http://www.myfellowamerican.tv/blog/?p=152 -
North Vietnam Invades
While President Nixon was bringing home troops and expanding the range of the bombing in and around Vietnam, he was attempting to frighten the North Vietnamese into peace. Even after the death of Ho Chi Minh, however, the North Vietnamese stayed strong. They held a major invasion of South Vietnam in 1972. Image: https://sites.psu.edu/dbs5166/tag/vietnam/ -
Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court declared anti-abortion laws unconstitutional in their landmark Supreme Court case. The court said that these types of laws invaded personal privacy and others believed it was a necessary right to gain equality. Image: http://afjjusticewatch.blogspot.com/2012/08/will-roberts-court-overturn-roe-v-wade.html
