-
Brown v. Board of Education
The U.S. Supreme court decided in the Brown vs. Board of Education case that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. This landmark provided "separate but equal" segregation in the public schools of the United States.
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Council for Exceptional Children
The Council for Exceptional Children developed a case for ending segregation of disabled students. Also, in 1922, the Council of Exceptional Children became a national organization for children who are gifted and/or talent, or who have disabilities.
https://www.topeducationdegrees.org/faq/what-is-the-council-for-exceptional-children/
http://cecnh.org/about
https://www.cec.sped.org/Policy-and-Advocacy -
Mental/Retardation/Intellectual Disability
President J.F. Kennedy appointed a panel on mental retardation/intellectual disability. He created this panel because he had a sister who had an intellectual disability. He provided recommendations such as, research centers that would provide diagnostic, clinical and treatment services to those who need it.
https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/JFK-and-People-with-Intellectual-Disabilities.aspx
https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-Legacy/JFK-and-Disability.aspx -
Association for Children with Learning Disabilities
The Association for Children with Learning Disabilities was created to provide support to individuals with learning disabilities.
https://ldaamerica.org/
https://ldaamerica.org/about-us/history/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA2h9m7EBcM -
The Elementary and the Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and the Secondary Education Act was signed into law as part of the "War on Poverty". This act provides equal access to education for all students and also required federal funding for students who need financial assistance. https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania required school systems to allow admission to children with disabilities and to provide an education that meets their individual's education needs based on a proper evaluation.
http://www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/ -
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education
The Mills vs. D.C. Board of Education was also passed which made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny any types of funds to students classified as exceptional which also includes individuals with mental and learning disabilities.
https://disabilityjustice.org/right-to-education/ -
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 508 establishes a requirement for electronic and information technology to be accessible to individual with disabilities.
https://www.ada.gov/cguide.htm#anchor65610
https://www.section508.gov/section508-laws
https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/Section-508 -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This act protects the rights of individuals with disabilities. This act states that all individuals with disabilities cannot be excluded from programs or activities that receive federal funding. This also states that individuals who are visually impaired may not be denied equal services, accommodations, etc.
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/section504/
http://www.afb.org/info/programs-and-services/public-policy-center/civil-rights/advocacy-resources/disability-rights-resources/12345 -
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) was established. This law applies to all schools that are funded by an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education. This law protects the privacy of student education records. This law gives access to students and their parents to their school records.
https://epic.org/privacy/student/ferpa/ -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA)
This act enforced the right of children with disabilities to receive a free and appropriate education in public institutions. As well as providing children with disabilities one free meal per day.
https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html
https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.pdf
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know -
The Handicapped Children's Protection Act
This law allows parents of children with disabilities to have a voice in their child's IEP.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2137417 -
ADHD
APA removed the hyperactivity distinction and changed the name to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD). The APA also combined inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity into a single type and it did not identify any type of subtypes for the disorder.
https://edgefoundation.org/2017/09/30/a-brief-history-of-adhd/
http://adhdboss.com/history-of-adhd/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQ6KdiF0-8I -
The National Mental Health and Special Education Coalition
The National Mental Health and Special Education Coalition replaced the term Emotional Disturbance with the term Emotional or Behavioral Disorder. The term emotional or behavioral disorder means a disability which is characterized by behavioral or emotional responses different from appropriate age and affects an individual's educational performance. https://sites.google.com/site/disabilitieseducation/home/emotional-behavior-disorder-ebd
http://www.proedinc.com/downloads/12762ch01.pdf -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This act suggested using "people-first" language and changed the word disability to handicap. This law also provided assistance to students with disabilities to teach them skills and prepare them for employment.
https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
This act requires special education and services for all students who have physical disabilities that interfere with their education.
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/categories/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RXfmlnbOFs
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/advanced/Physicaldisabilities.html -
Deaf Students Education Services
The U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Educations published the Deaf Students Education Services Policy Guidance Report. This program states that the Deaf, Deaf-blind individuals have basic rights such as having interpreting services when requested.
https://www.ncdhhs.gov/assistance/hearing-loss/your-rights
http://www.handsandvoices.org/articles/education/law/different.html
https://www.nad.org/about-us/position-statements/position-statement-on-inclusion/ -
IDEA Reauthorized (PL 105-17)
This new law states that individuals with disabilities may continue their education service even if they are expelled from their school. Also, schools are required to be more responsible in ensuring students have access to a general education, IEP team member and/or behavior management leaders. Students with disabilities have to participate in state and district-wide assessments.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability-strategies.html -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
This new act focuses on providing all students a fair and equal opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. Students with special needs are allowed to have accommodations that are fit for them such as, large-print test booklets, extended test periods, sign language translators, etc.
http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/NCLB.aspx -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, reauthorization and revision of IDEA
This new act allows all children with disabilities to a public education that is appropriate for their needs. It also states that children with disabilities should have class with students who do not have a disability. Children with disabilities must also be provided with support services that help them in their education. An assessment must be done to determine the child's needs.
http://www.understandingspecialeducation.com/IEP-law.html -
Autism Spectrum Disorder
The DSM-5 puts together all subcategories of the condition into one category of autistic spectrum disorder. ASD is defined by two categories which are:
1. impaired social communication and interaction
2. restricted and repetitive behaviors
https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/diagnosis/dsm-5-diagnostic-criteria
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlpmVYX4NfQ