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First President with a disability elected
Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first U.S. President elected to have a physical disabilitiy. His disability is mostly hidden from public eye. -
Social Security Act of 1935
The Social Security Act of 1935 also includes assistance to blind individuals and disabled children. -
First Disabled Students' Program Established 1947-1948
The University of Illinois at Galesburg establishes the first student program for disabled students. The school is later moved to Urbana-Champaign campus. This school becomes a model for all future disabled student programs. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Collection of several court cases about segregation in public schools. Case led to beginning of de-segregation, with ruling of education for all. "We [the court] conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal".
Landmark case which opened up the beginning of equal opportunities for all. -
Social Security Amendment of 1956
Created a Social Security Disability Insurance program -
PARC v. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania court case was the first "right to education" case of its time. While not heard by Supreme Court the case resulted in PA schools being required to provide a free appropriate public education to students with intellectual disabilities. -
Mills v. Board of Education
Supreme Court case which led to the establishment of the fundamental Constitutional right to education of all children with disabilities.
http://www.pilcop.org/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/#sthash.5wiqiDSO.dpuf -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act states:
Nondiscrimination Under Federal Grants - Section 504.
No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States, as defined in section 7(6), shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
(Rehabilitation Act of 1973) -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
Public Law 94-142
The law had four main goals:
1) To ensure that special education services are available to children who need them.
2) To guarantee that decisions about services to disabled students are fair and appropriate. (FAPE - Free Appropriate Public Education).
3) To establish specific management and auditing requirements for special education
4) To provide federal funds to help the states educate disabled students
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_for_All_Handicapped_Children_Act -
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibited discrimination for employment based on a disability. Led to Equal Opportunity Employment for all persons. -
IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
Amendment to the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the nation’s federal special education law that ensures public schools serve the educational needs of students with disabilities. IDEA requires that schools provide special education services to eligible students.
http://www.ncld.org/disability-advocacy/learn-ld-laws/idea/what-is-idea -
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
Section 255 of the Act requires all manufacturers of telecommunications equipment and providers of telecommunications services to ensure that such equipment and services are designed and developed to be accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, if readily achievable. -
NCLB: No Child Left Behind Act of 2002
The NCLB is an act designed to help close the gap in student achievement by implementing items such as student and teacher accountability, assessments, AYP (Adequate Yearly Progress), and highly qualified teachers. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
IDEA 2004 (formerly known as IDEIA), is an amendment to the IDEA of 1990. The major changes in 2004 include IEPs, FAPE, LRE, highly-qualified, RTI.
IEP: Individualized Education Plan - outlines requirements for special education services to help meet needs of each student.
FAPE - Free Appropriate Public Education -
LRE - Least Restrictive Environment - students' with IEPs should be placed in the LRE possible
Defined "highly qualified" special education teachers
RTI - Response to Intervention
