- 
  
  In the 14th to 17th centuries, western societies experienced
 an explosion of inquiry and inventiveness in the fields of
 medicine, science, religion, mechanical arts, graphic arts, and
 literature that has since been dubbed the Renaissance.
- 
  
  Prominent among the new entrepreneurs
 was Aldus Manutius, who operated a publishing house in
 Venice from 1490
- 
  
  
- 
  
  Granted to the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia to study the causes of steamboat boiler explosions.
- 
  
  The number of scientific journals begins to exceed 500.
- 
  
  Called the International Catalog of Scientific Literature, created by the royal society.
- 
  
  William Shockley, John Bardeen, and
 Walter Brattain invent a transfer-resistance device.
 Pioneered the way for many new electronics.