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You Say You Want a Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrkwgTBrW78
Enjoy this music during the timetoast! =] -
The French and Indian War AKA The Seven Years War
May 1754-February 1763
-Started in Ohio Valley, by George Washington
-Led to global conflict
-British reinforcements and generals were sent to America
-France: successful at first, defended frontier forts
-British won: great leadership and strategy
-After they took Louisbourg, the British made their way down the St. Lawrence R. to battle French forces at Quebec and then Montreal
-The British were successful in their quest
*link for cartoon-http://www.tihr.com/solutions/images/SOL111601.gif -
Proclamation of 1763
-1763, Ottawa chief, Pontiac, led several tribes, aided by a handful of French traders in a violent campaign to drive the British out of the Ohio country
-warriors captured Detroit and overran all but 3 British outposts west of the Appalachians
-British countered these attacks and eventually defeated the Indians
-London government issued the Proclamation of 1763
-prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachians
-made to prevent another bloody eruption between the settlers and Indians -
Sugar Act
-Due to the French and Indian War, Britain had a very large debt
-In 1763, Prime Minister George Grenville ordered the British navy to begin strictly enforcing the Navigation Laws
-George Grenville also secured from Parliament, the Sugar Act of 1764
-First law ever passed by Parliament to raise tax revenue in the colonies for England
-Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies -
Stamp Act
-In 1765, George Grenville imposed a stamp tax on the colonies
-Purpose: to raise revenues to support the new military force
-Required the colonists to pay for a stamp to go on many of the documents essential to their lives
-Including deeds, mortgages, liquor licenses, playing cards, and almanacs
-1766: Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, major victory for colonists (after colonists formed the Stamp Act Congress and boycotted English imports) -
Quartering Act of 1765
-Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops -
Stamp Act Congress
-Brought together, in New York City, 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies
-Drew up a statement of their rights and grievances and requested the king and Parliament to repeal the hated legislation
-One step towards intercolonial unity
-Nonimportation agreements
-The Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty took the law into their own hands
-The Stamp Act was repealed by Parliament in 1766
-Parliament passed the Declaratory Act -
Declaratory Act
-1766 – the English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and at the same time signed the Declaratory Act
-Declared Parliament’s authority over colonies
-Document stated that Parliament had the right "to bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."
-Stopped the violence and rebellions against the tax on stamps
-Restarted trade with England, which had temporarily stopped as a defiant reaction to the Stamp Act -
Townshend Acts
-1767 "Champagne Charley" Townshend persuaded Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts
-Put a light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea·
-Slight protest from the colonists
-Colonists found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea
-Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea
-Tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation -
British troops occupy Boston
-1768 – two regiments of Brit. Troops landed in Boston
-Massachusetts: unruly, smuggling -
Bocton Massacre
-March 5, 1770
-A crowd of 60 townspeople attacked 10 redcoats and the redcoats opened fired on the civilians
-Killing/wounding 11 civilians
-The massacre was known as the Boston Massacre -
Townshend Acts repealed, except for tea tax
-Lord North was forced to persuade Parliament to repeal the Townshend revenue duties
-Samuel Adams- master propagandist and engineer of rebellion; formed the first local committee of correspondence in Massachusetts in 1772 (Sons of Liberty)
-Committees of Correspondance were created by the American colonies in order to maintain communication with one another
-They were organized in the decade before the Revolution when communication between the colonies became essential. -
Boston Tea Party
-In 1773, the British East India Company was overstocked with 17 million pounds of unsold tea
-London government gave the company a full monopoly of the tea sell in America
-Fearing that it was trick to pay more taxes on tea, the Americans rejected the tea
-When the ships arrived in the Boston harbor, the governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, forced the citizens to allow the ships to unload their tea
-Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea -
"Intolerable Acts"
-Parliament punished the people of Massachusetts for their actions in the Boston Tea Party
-Parliament passed laws, known as the Intolerable Acts, which restricted colonists' rights
-Laws made restrictions on town meetings, and stated that enforcing officials who killed colonists in the line of duty would be sent to Britain for trial (where it was assumed they would be acquitted of their charges)
-Boston Port Act-closed the Boston harbor until damages were paid and order could be ensured -
Quartering Act of 1774
-Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops (original Quartering Act all over again) -
Quebec Act
-Also passed in 1774, but was not apart of the Intolerable Acts
-Gave Catholic French Canadians religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law
-This law nullified many of the Western claims of the coast colonies by extending the boundaries of the province of Quebec to the Ohio River on the south and to the Mississippi River on the west -
First Continental Congress
-Met in Philadelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over Intolerable Acts
-12 of 13 colonies sent 55 men to the convention
-After 7 weeks of deliberation, the 1st Continental Congress drew up several papers, inlcuding a Declaration of Rights and solemn appeals to other British-American colonies, to the king, and to the British people
-Creation of The Association was the most important- called for a complete boycott of British goods; nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption -
Battle of Concord
-British soldiers went on to Concord
-Americans were ready
-Forced the British to retreat
-70 “red coats” killed
-230 injured -
Battle of Lexington
-The British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to Lexington
-They were to seize provisions of colonial gunpowder and to capture the "rebel" ringleaders, Samuel Adams and John Hancock
-At Lexington, 8 Americans were shot and killed
-This incident was labeled as the "Lexington Massacre."
-The British then went on to Concord (Battle of Concord) -
Second Continental Congress
-Met in Philadelphia May 10, 1775, a month after the Battles of Lexington and Concord
-Full 13 colonies were represented
-Still no well-defined sentiment for independence
-Congress hopefully drafted new appeals to the British people and king, but were rejected
-Adopted measures to raise money and to create an army and navy
-Teetered on the brink of all-out warfare -
Battle of Bunker Hill
-In May 1775, a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point
-In June 1775, the colonists captured Bunker Hill. The British took it back with a large number of soldiers
-In July 1775, the Second Continental Congress adopted the "Olive Branch Petition", which professed American loyalty to the king and begged to the king to stop further hostilities -
Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"
-The Americans continued to deny any intention of independence because loyalty to the empire was deeply ingrained
-Colonial unity was poor and open rebellion was dangerous
-Thomas Paine released a pamphlet called Common Sense in 1776
-It argued that the colonies had outgrown any need for English domination and that they should be given independence
-Thomas Paine called for the creation of a new kind of political society, specifically a republic, where power flowed from the people themselves -
Works Cited
The Independence Hall Association. 4 July 1995. ushistory.org 21 December 2010 http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.htm.
