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James II
James II succeeded James I in 1603. He rarely calls upon Parliament and does not want their interference in English government. He rolls out impositions, which makes Parliament weary of his motivations and it is made clear that he was pushing for more authority. James' rule was also problematic when concerning religious situations, as he was against Puritans and showed this at the Hampton Court Conference. He was a ruler that wanted unlimited power, which then caused problems -
Petition of Right
Charles I was forced to sign the Petition of Right, which was an agreement to end forced taxes and loans without Parliament's consent, unreasonable imprisonment, and forcing citizens to quarter soldiers. Charles agreed to this, which limited his power and supposedly made Parliament a more important force. However, Charles mostly ignored this, leading to the next event. -
Scottish Rebellion
King Charles I called Parliament for resources after Scots rebelled. He was low on resources and reluctantly reconvened Parliament after the loss at the Battle of Newburn. Long Parliament therefore became recognized as powerful and the monarchy could no longer ignore it, and this was an important instance where the king had to rely on it. -
English Civil War
Lasting from 1642 to 1646, the English Civil War was fought between Cavaliers, in support of the monarchy, and Roundheads, and Scots, who were in support of Parliament. This was significant because it was a powerful display of opposition to absolute rule, and established Parliament as a powerful force that is capable of going against the crown. -
Charles executed
With Charles executed, the power in England shifted and it became a Protestant republic. The government was in complete controlled by Parliament and its leaders. Cromwell took charge, but mismanaged the country and ended up in a military dictatorship. This showed that the extreme lack of monarchy was harmful. -
James II
James II took power. He fell on the opposite spectrum as Oliver Cromwell. James was a Catholic and an absolutist. After being set up by Charles II, who did not recall Parliament, James could rule without interference. James was disliked and wanted to rule similarly to Louis XIV. -
Glorious Revolution
William and Mary were named monarchs. They issued a Bill of rights that limited monarchical power. This gave Parliament more strenghth and ended the chances of absolutism. Therefore, the limited monarchy was established in England.