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The War Begins
March, 1700 - Danes invade Holstein-Gottorp; Swedes (aided by Anglo-Dutch) invade Zeeland and threaten Copenhagen. -
Period: to
The Greath Northern War
fought between Sweden's Charles XII and a coalition lead by Russia's Peter the Great. -
Treaty of Traventhal
August, 1700 - Denmark withdraws. -
Swedes attack Russia
November, 1700 - Charles XII with an army of 8,000 Swedes destroys a Russian army of 23,000. -
Charles conquers Warsaw
May, 1702 - A result of Charles' courting of anti-Saxon and anti-Russian Polish nobles for their support. -
Charles takes Kliszow
June, 1703 - Charles defeats a Polish-Saxon army. -
Peter the Great on the move
January, 1704 - With Charles preoccupied in Poland, Peter the Great moves into the Baltic, taking control of both Dorpat and Narva, previously controlled by Sweden. -
Charles elects Leszczynski
July, 1704 - Charles organized the election of Stanislas Leszczynski, as a puppet- with the title King of Poland. -
Treaty of Warsaw
February, 1705 - Charles signs, granting peace and commerce. -
Charles in control of Poland
Spring, 1706 - Charles defeats the Saxons at the Battle of Fraustadt in February 1706, ultimately succeeding in driving out both Russian and Saxon forces from Poland. -
Treaty of Altranstädt
September, 1706 - Augustus II (Augustus the Strong) recognized Stanislas, Charles' elected official, as the King of Poland and granted permission for the Swedish army to stay through the winter. -
Charles invades Russia
1707 - Charles invades Smolensk with the help of Count Lewenhaupt's invasion of Riga. Peter the Great in the meantime withdrew his forces. -
The Battle at Holowczyn
July, 1708 - Peter the Great makes his first stand, later withdrawing using scorched earth policy that destroyed anything that might be of value to the Swedish army. -
Charles winters in Ukraine
Winter, 1708 - Charles hoped to create an alliance between the Swedes, the Cossacks and the Crimeans. The Battle of Lesnaya stopped Lewenhaupt and an entire supply column was lost. -
The Battle of Poltava
June/July, 1709 - Charles' weakened army suffered military defeat, many died and the survivors surrendered at Perevolochna. The defeat removed Sweden as the supreme power in eastern Europe. -
Charles isolated in Turkey
Winter, 1709 - With Charles in Bessarabia, Turkey the alliance between Denmark, Poland, and Russia was able to regroup. Once Stanislas fled, Augustus reclaimed his title in Poland. -
Swedish Council surrenders army
May, 1713 - After the navy of Denmark destroyed transport ships and lacking supplies, the Swedish army was unable to return to Sweden and surrendered to the combined. -
25 Years of Peace
June, 1713 - A settlement signed by the Sultan and Russia guarantees peace between the two powers for 25 years. -
Battle at Hangö
July, 1714 - Russia continues expansion into the Baltic states and Finland, Russia then defeated the Swedish navy at Hangö. -
Alliance against Sweden
1715 - Brandenburg and Hanover joined the alliance against Sweden. The last two remaining strongholds of Sweden in Germany were Stralsund and Wismar. Stralsund fell in 1715 and Wismar followed in 1716. -
Battle at Fredriksheld
1718 - Charles was able to put together a force of 60,000 men. In his attempt to invade Norway he was killed. -
Treaty of Stockholm
November, 1719 - Agreement between Sweden and Hanover, under which Sweden surrendered Bremen and Verden to Holstein in exchange for financial and naval support. -
Treaty of Stockholm
January/February, 1720 - Agreement between Sweden and Brandenburg, under which Sweden surrendered Stettin, South Pomerania, the islands of Usedom, and Wollin in exchange for money. -
Treaty of Nystad
August/September, 1721 - Agreement between Sweden and Russia, under which Sweden surrendered Livonia, Estonia, and Ingria in exchange for the return of Finland (apart from Kexholm and parts of Karelia).