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Woodrow Wilson Presidency
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The Roaring Twenties
A time of extravagance and prosperity -
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Warren G. Harding Presidency
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Calvin Coolidge Presidency
He took over after Harding died in office from pneumonia and then was reelected -
Pact of Anapala
"Representatives from Nicaragua, Guatemala, and El Salvador sign the Pact of Anapala with the United States, agreeing to cut off aid to the insurgent forces in neighboring Honduras threatening to overthrow President Rafael Gutierrez." -
Dawes Plan
"The Dawes Plan is signed by the United States, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Belgium to solve the German reparations problem and to end the occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgium troops." -
Scopes Trial
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Sacco and Vanzetti executed
"Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are executed in Massachusetts for their alleged 1920 murder of a factory guard, despite protests that the two men had been unfairly prosecuted for their radical beliefs." This led to beliefs that America was not open to immigrants -
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Herbert Hoover Presidency
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The Great Depression
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"Black Thursday"
"On “Black Thursday,” the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) experiences a collapse in stock prices as 13 million shares are sold." -
"Black Tuesday"
"On “Black Tuesday,” a record 16.4 million shares of stock are traded on the NYSE as large blocks of equities are sold at extremely low prices. The trading continues the sharp downward trend of the previous week. It is an abrupt change from the over-speculation of the previous months. By December 1, NYSE stocks will have lost $26 billion in value." -
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
This raised prices on imports. "Rather than solve the economic crash, the act causes other countries to follow America's lead by raising their tariffs. Such “economic nationalism” exacerbates both the international depression and nationalist tensions." -
"Bonus Loan Passed" and "Star Spangled Banner becomes official anthem"
"Over Hoover's veto, Congress passes the Bonus Loan Bill. The act allows veterans to obtain cash loans of up to 50 percent of their bonus certificates issued in 1924." -
Scottsboro Boys arrested
"Nine black youths are arrested in Scottsboro, Alabama, and charged with raping a white woman. Although the group is initially found guilty on the basis of questionable evidence, the Supreme Court will overturn the conviction of the “Scottsboro Boys” in 1935." -
"Hoover Orders Bonus Army Dispersed"
Hoover does not pay the army the bonus and a riot occurs. The militia is called in to break it up -
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Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidency
He did not quite complete his fourth term as he died in office -
Bank Holiday Declared
"Roosevelt declares a four-day “bank holiday” in order to stop the panic “run” on the nation's banks. He also summons Congress to a special session on March 9." -
Congress passes the Reforestation Relief Act giving way to creating the Civilian Conservation Corps
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The Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) is passed as well as the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
FERA "provides immediate grants to states for relief project, unlike Hoover's earlier proposals, which only provided loans." The AAA "restricts the production of certain crops and pays farmers not to till their land." -
Dust bowl begins
A severe ström that causes the topsoil to blow all over the place -
The Emergency Relief Appropriation is passes
" The bill authorizes nearly $5 billion to establish federal programs in line with FDR's goals. The first of these, the Resettlement Administration (RA), will be created less than a month later and will help rural, and some urban, families relocate to more productive regions of the country." -
The Soil Conservation service is created
"Congress establishes the Soil Conservation Service within the Department of Agriculture to promote better use of farmlands and to prevent a recurrence of the “Dust Bowl” of the previous spring." -
The AAA is declared unconstitutional
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World War II begins
Germany invades Poland -
Britain and France declare war on Germany
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Poland falls to Germany
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Battle of the River Plate
Britain wins the first major sea battle of WWII -
Germany invades Norway
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Winston Churchill becomes Britain's Prime Minister
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Germany invades Belgium
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France is captured by Germany
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Battle of Britain
Britain fights against Germany -
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
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The US declares war on Japan
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Germany declares war on the US