-
Period: 1568 to
Eighty Years War
The war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. -
Jamestown
Jamestown, Virginia, established—first permanent English colony on American mainland. Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, saves life of John Smith. -
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain establishes French colony of Quebec. The Relation, the first newspaper, debuts in Germany. -
Galileo
Galileo sees the moons of Jupiter through his telescope -
The Bible
Gustavus Adolphus elected King of Sweden. King James Version of the Bible published in England. Rubens paints his Descent from the Cross. -
Period: to
Kalmar War
The war between Denmark and Sweden for control of the northern Norwegian coast and hinterland, which resulted in Sweden’s acceptance of Denmark-Norway’s sovereignty over the area. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
In European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. -
African Slaves
A Dutch ship brings the first African slaves to British North America. -
Pilgrims
Pilgrims, after three-month voyage in Mayflower, land at Plymouth Rock. Francis Bacon's Novum Organum. -
Period: to
Powhatan War
Relentless struggle between the Powhatan Indian confederacy and early English settlers in the tidewater section of Virginia and southern Maryland. The conflict resulted in the destruction of the Indian power. English colonists who had settled in Jamestown (1607) were at first strongly motivated by their need of native corn (maize) to keep peace with the Powhatans, who inhabited more than 100 surrounding villages. -
Period: to
American Colonies
American Colonies: English settles and their Native American allies win the Pequot War -
Period: to
Bishops War
In British history, two brief campaigns that were fought between Charles I and the Scots. The wars were the result of Charles’s endeavour to enforce Anglican observances in the Scottish Church and of the determination of the Scots to abolish episcopacy. -
Period: to
English Civil Wars
Fighting that took place in the British Isles between supporters of the monarchy of Charles I (and his son and successor, Charles II) and opposing groups in each of Charles’s kingdoms, including Parliamentarians in England, Covenanters in Scotland, and Confederates in Ireland. -
Anglo-Dutch War
First Anglo-Dutch War: The English Parliament declares war on the Dutch Republic -
Period: to
First Northern War
Final stage of the struggle over the Polish-Swedish succession. -
New Amsterdam
British take New Amsterdam from the Dutch. English limit “Nonconformity” with reestablished Anglican Church. Isaac Newton's experiments with gravity. -
Second Anglo-Dutch War
Second Anglo-Dutch War: The conflict begins after the Dutch permit their ships to fire when threatened -
Period: to
War of Devolution
Conflict between France and Spain over possession of the Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium and Luxembourg). -
Third Anglo-Dutch War
Third Anglo-Dutch War: England joins France and declares war on the Dutch Republic -
Period: to
King Philip's War
In British American colonial history, war that pitted Native Americans against English settlers and their Indian allies that was one of the bloodiest conflicts (per capita) in U.S. history. -
War of Holy League
War of the Holy League: Pope Innocent XI forms the Holy League to block Ottoman expansion in Europe -
Peter the Great
Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia—attempts to westernize nation and build Russia as a military power. Defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava (1709). Beginning of the French and Indian Wars (to 1763), campaigns in America linked to a series of wars between France and England for domination of Europe. -
Period: to
War of the Grand Alliance
The third major war of Louis XIV of France, in which his expansionist plans were blocked by an alliance led by England, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and the Austrian Habsburgs. The deeper issue underlying the war was the balance of power between the rival Bourbon and Habsburg dynasties. -
Period: to
King William's War
North American extension of the War of the Grand Alliance, waged by William III of Great Britain and the League of Augsburg against France under Louis XIV. Canadian and New England colonists divided in support of their mother countries and, together with their respective Indian allies, assumed primary responsibility for their own defense. -
William III
William III of England defeats former king James II and Irish rebels at Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. John Locke's Human Understanding. -
Glorious Revolution
Glorious Revolution: Members of Clan MacDonald are attacked during the Glencoe Massacre -
Great Northern War
Great Northern War: Fighting begins between Sweden, Russia, Denmark, and Saxony
