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Feb 1, 1556
King Philip II had begun
King Philip II had begun his reign in 1556. He was King of spain, son of Charles V (The Holy Roman Emperor) . He was one of the strongest supporters of militant Catholicism. -
Feb 1, 1558
Elizabeth Tudor, Protestant Leader
Elizabeth Tudor had become the Protestant Leader of Europe. She repealed the laws favoring Catholics. She also claimed to be "the only supreme governor", giving her power over church and state. She converted the Church of England to a moderate form of Protestantism that kept most people happy. -
Feb 1, 1560
Calvinism and Catholicism
Calvinism and Catholicism had become highly militant religions. They were aggressive in winning coverts and destroying each other's authority. This conflict was the main reason of religious wars that plagued Europe in the 16th century. -
Period: Feb 1, 1562 to
Religious Wars of France
The religious wars of france is often called the Thirty Year's war, The war was between the Protestants and the Catholics. Catholic Kings had Protestants prosecuted, but this did not stop the spread of Protestantism. -
Feb 1, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was won by Spain. The conflict started when King Philip II tried to convert Protestant Turks to Catholicism using force. Although he won the battle, the next few conflicts he would have would not be so successful. -
King Philip and the Spainish Armada
Philip II made plans to attack England. His plan was to use the powerful navy, called the Spanish Armada to destroy England's fleet and then invade the land. This plan was unsuccessful because the Spanish Armada was defeated by Endgland's faster ships. -
End of Philip II reign.
King Philip had really done it now with Spain. He had left the country bankrupt. He caused too many conflicts, and spent too much on war. -
End of Tudor Dynasty
The Tudor Dynasty ended with the Death of Queen Elizabeth I. -
Dutch Resistance
King Philip tried to gain more control of the area around him. He tried to convert the Netherland area of 17 provinces to Catholicism. This was not an easy task because much of these 17 provinces were Calvinists. The Dutch resistance died down by the issuing of a 12-year truce. -
Petition of Rights
English Parliament formed a Petition of Rights, limiting the power of the King. -
Civil war in England
Civil war in England broke out between the Royalists (supporters of the King) and the Roundheads. (supporters of the Parliament) -
Execution of Charles I
Parliament had Charles I executed. Then Parliament abolished the monarchy. -
Cromwell's Death
Cromwell who was the dictator of England had died. -
Monarch Restoration
Realizing how unpopular the dictatorship had become, the army restored the monarchy and let the son of Charles I, Charles II take the throne. -
King James II
After Charles II death, King James came to power. King James was a devout Catholic and put Catholics in high-ranking positions. This angered the Parliament and caused more conflicts.