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Brown V. Board of Education
Courts ruled that unequal separate schools were unconstitutional, due to the face that the 14th amendment was being violated. It took in 1952 within Merriam, Kansas. Oliver Brown from Topeka,Kansas was unhappy that his African American daughter, Linda had to commute a long distance to school everyday due to the fact that was she was denied admission into an all-white, neighborhood school that was only five blocks from her home.
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Public Law 94-142
Enacted on November 1975 because the institutions were not appropriate for education those with handicaps. Also because some stayed at home and had no education. Every handicapped child has access to free public education. Schools could no longer refuse services or provide extra cost to the parents of handicapped children. -
Elementary & Secondary Education Act
Designed to close skill gap in reading, writing, & math between children from low-income households who attend urban/rural school systems and children from the middle-class who attend suburban school system. Brought education into the forefront of the national assault on poverty. They have a yearly standardized test to measure how students were performing against bars set by Title 1. It also made education more favorable for low income students. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens
The P.A.R.C. was a court case suing the commonwealth of denying students with Intellectual Disabilities the education all students received. The case made other states stand up and start fighting for their students with disabilities to get a proper education. -
Section 504
Section 504 is a civil rights act against student discrimination. It is a part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that prohibits discrimination based upon disability. It requires the needs of students with disabilities to be met as adequately as the needs of the non-disabled students. To be covered under section 504. A student must be qualified through the state & federal government. -
Doe V. Withers
It made everyone realize that schools and teachers can be held accountable for not following accommodations for Special Needs Students such as IEPs and made people think twice about following the law of Special Education. The child's history teacher refused to follow the child's IEP, despite being told to do so by several school officials including the principal, special ed director, and special ed teacher. -
Irving Independent School District V. Tatro
School refused the service to provide a catheter so Amber could go to school, but after Tatro's won the case, school provided a special education program for Amber. -
Daniel R.R V. State Board of Education 1989
The main legal issues of this case included education for all Handicapped Children Act and Individuals with Disabilities Act: Least Restrictive Environment and Free Appropriate Public Education
- the public education must be appropriate for each child and may include an individualized education program.
-students in public or private institutions should only be placed in special classes or separate schooling if the severity of their disability limits them from being able to achieve satisfactory. -
Americans with Disability Act of 1990
The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in areas of public life (ex. jobs, schools, transportation, and all public private areas open to the public) Students with ADHD can have a reduced course load and testing accommodation -
Endrew F. Vs. Douglas County
Fifth grade student Endrew F. had been identified as autistic and was placed in private school because his parents thought public school was not meeting Endrew's educational needs. Being placed in Firefly Autism House Endrew's parents had sued fro reimbursement of his private school tuition under the Individuals with Disabilities Act. It will expands rights of special education
