-
768
Beginning of Charlemagne's reign
Charlemagne led the Franks, and was considered one of the greatest leaders of the middle ages. -
800
Gunpowder is invented in China
Gunpowder is invented, allowing for the creation of guns and fireworks. -
Dec 25, 800
Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne's kingdom was recognized by the Papacy as the largest kingdom since the Roman Empire -
Jan 28, 814
Charlemagne dies
30 years after his death, his empire splits. -
964
Otto deposes Pope John XII who is replaced with Pope Leo VIII
After this, the citizens of Rome promised never to elect another Pope without the approval of the imperial. -
1049
Pope Leo IX ascends to the papal throne.
Caused the great schism, splitting the catholic church at the time down the middle. -
1054
East-West Schism
Divided the Church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. -
Sep 23, 1122
Concordat of Worms
Ended investiture struggle, but the Pope and the Emperor still did not get along. -
1227
Genghis Khan dies
His vast empire is split among his many children and grandchildren. -
1299
Ottoman Empire founded
Osman I establishes the longest lasting Islamic Empire, which lasts over 600 years. -
Summary Question:
Intense and turbulent power struggles within kingdoms and the papacy led to shifts in how the power worked, with Popes following leaders from kingdom to kingdom. The catholic church underwent a schism as well, dividing Catholics in half between an orthodoxy and catholicism.