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4500 BCE
Creation of Earth
The Earth was molten -
4400 BCE
Water on the Earth
Meteors fell on the planet where water was formed. Water came from the asteroids. -
4000 BCE
Granite
Water on the Earth condensed and it rained for millions of years. Undersea volcanic activity formed granite which later formed the continents. -
2500 BCE
The Continents
The continents were formed. Single-celled life forms appeared. Stromatolites produce oxygen. Algae make photosynthesis. -
1500 BCE
Blue water
Oxygen rusted the iron. Oxygenation made the oceans and the skies blue. Fresh-water creatures appeared. Oceanic plates moved the continents -
1000 BCE
Rodinia
The continents collided and created a super-continent (Rodinia). The Earth was mostly desert and there was no life. -
700 BCE
Ice
Rodinia blocked warm currents. The Earth froze. Marine bacteria and algaes were trapped underneath ice and 95% of the species died. -
650 BCE
Break of Rodinia
Volcanic eruptions broke Rodinia apart. -
630 BCE
Greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect melted the ice. -
550 BCE
Cambrian Period
There was no more ice. Primitive organisms became complex. The Cambrian explosion happened. The first carnivorous animals appeared. Oxygen reached high levels and created an ozone layer in the atmosphere protecting life from UV rays -
485 BCE
Ordovician period
The Ordovician is best known for its diverse marine invertebrates, including graptolites, trilobites, brachiopods, and the conodonts During the Ordovician, most of the world's land was collected together in the super-continent Gondwana. Throughout the Ordovician, Gondwana moved towards the South Pole where it finally came to rest by the end of the period. -
443 BCE
Silurian period
The three northern continents collided, forming the new supercontinent, Euramerica. The dominating species were marine species (corals,Agnatha, Romudina, Placoderm).Eurypterids were the apex predators of the Silurian oceans. -
419 BCE
Devonian Period
The supercontinent Gondwana occupied most of the Southern Hemisphere, although it began significant northerly drift during the Devonian Period.Placoderms (the armored fishes) underwent wide diversification and became the dominant marine predators. Lycophytes, horsetails and ferns grew to large sizes and formed Earth’s first forests. Arthropod fossils are concurrent with the earliest plant fossils of the Silurian. -
350 BCE
Carboniferous
The Earth was mostly covered in swamps. Coal formed from plant matter because of fresh water. Oil and gas resulted from dead marine animals. First enormous insects, amphibians, reptilians appeared. This period is characterized by the first complete modern biosphere. -
251 BCE
Triassic Period
Pangaea was formed. First dinosaurs appeared. Although many people, think that they were cold-blooded, scientists have proved that their blood was lukewarm. In combination with big quantities of oxygen and carbon dioxyde, this caused them to grow to enormous sizes. -
250 BCE
Permian period
In Siberia mantle eruptions took place for a million years. They formed poisonous gases and 95% of species died. -
180 BCE
Jurassic Period
Continents moved away. Earth was mostly covered in tropical forests. -
145 BCE
Cretaceous period
It was characterized by enormous volcanic eruptions. Diamonds were formed. It ended 65 million years ago with the K-T extinction. 65% of all species disappeared. Iridium was found which proves the extinction was caused by an enormous meteor. Also, the lava resulted from volcanic eruptions form toxic dust that killed the dinosaurs. -
65 BCE
Tertiary Period
The Swiss Alps were formed by the collision between Africa and Europe. Erosion and uplift took place. The Grand Canyon was formed. Quartz appeared. -
2
Quaternary period
The first ancestors of humans appeared. It was the period of the Ice Ages. The ice melted 10 thousand years ago and formed the Great Lakes
