Formation of the Earth

The Formation of the Galaxy

13,800 BCE

13.8 billion years ago, a vast cloud composed of hydrogen, helium and dust remained intact in space. Nearby the cloud, are numerous hot stars that quickly burn up its duel and ultimately destroys itself in the process, that explosion creates abruption to the could of hydrogen, helium and dust and causes it to collapse. After 100,000 years, the cloud is flattened by angular momentum and gravity, causing it to be a swirling disk this revealing our galaxy.

The formation of the Sun

4603 BCE

4.603 billion years ago Inside the swirling disk of gas, molecules crashed up against each other and form bonds with one another, revealing a protostar. This protostar then undergoes incredible amounts of pressure and heat until it undergoes fusion and finally ignites.

Formation of the Solar System

4571 BCE

4.571 billion years ago
However, around the same time the protostar (sun) ignited, there were planets being formed not so far away from the Sun. The planet was in the process of creation the same time the sun was. However, the planets had a different process than the sun as chondrules were the building blocks of this planet. Chondrules are created by clumps of dust flash-heated to then create balls of molten rock, these balls then clumped to each other creating huge boulders, creating planets.

Formation of the Earth

4543 BCE

4.543 billion years ago once the protostar erupted all the planets that had formed had been shot off into space, Jupiter, is said to have erupted the asteroid belt with its massive gravity, causing asteroids and comets to rain down on the inner planets of the solar system. Once the asteroids and comets make contact with the planets, they hammer and remelt large portions their crust.

Theia and Earth collision

4535 BCE

approximately 4.5 billion years ago, an asteroid the size of Mars, Theia, had collided with Earth. With the Gravitational tugs earth had on Bennu, it pulled off some debris off of it. However, another astronomical body had contact with earth making even more debris and dust. And, once again, the dust particles condensed and collided with each other causing the moon

Formation of Moon

4530 BCE

And 4.53 billion years ago, the dust particles and the debris had all condensed and collided making the moon.

Water appears in liquid form

4280 BCE

4.28 billion years ago
Many believe that the collisions Earth had with the asteroids-along with the chondrules that earth is composed of- from the Heavy Bombardment had given Earth the key-ingredients it has today. But the minerals that were in the rocks weren't the only reason water appeared. Volcanism caused water vapour, and over time, the water vapour had become rain due to the volcanic eruptions and how they condensed the vapour into rain, forming the oceanic basins of Earth.

Birth of organic life

3900 BCE

3.9 Billion years ago, the first signs of organic life appeared. The exposure to carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapour in they atmosphere of Earth had created these complex organisms. Carbon dioxide formed bonds with amino acids and created an enzyme chain causing a protein causing metabolism turning chemistry into biology. The first sign of organic life was probably moss and liverworts, that didn't have deep roots.

Oxygen is found in Oceans and Atmosphere

2500 BCE

2.5 billion years ago

Eukaryotic cells appeared

1600 BCE

1.6 billion years ago.
"Scientists believe that a nucleus and other organelles inside a eukaryotic cell formed when one prokaryotic organism engulfed another, which then lived inside and contributed to the functioning of its host." A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has DNA and unlike all other life before this, it had DNA. This causing many life forms. The oldest eukaryotic body fossil is the multicellular alga, Grypania spiralis.

hominids diverge from chimpanzees

600 BCE

600 million years ago Fossil records, along with studies of human and ape DNA, indicate that humans shared a common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos around 6 million years ago. We begin this discussion of our species' evolution in Africa, near the end of the geological time period known as the Miocene, just before our lineage diverged from that of chimpanzees and bonobos.

Vertebrates appeared in ocean

525 BCE

525 million years ago Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw the rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be the Myllokunmingia. Another early vertebrate is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis.

Land plants and coral reefs appeared

420 BCE

Silurian Period, 420 million years ago
During this time, continental landmasses were low and sea levels were rising. Ultimately making more plants that were submerged underneath water, causing evolution to take place leaving land plats and coral reefs; oceanic plants. But for the landmasses that weren't as low, I suppose photosynthesis took place, encouraging the existence of land plants.

Formation of forests

400 BCE

Due to the Silurian period, some tiny plants began an invasion from the water, closely followed by the first animals - the ancestors of millipedes and insects. Evolving into an ecosystem, the first insects were very important to this crucial process.

Vertebrates w/ legs (tetrapods) appeared

375 BCE

Early cartilaginous fish and bony fish were evolving and becoming more diverse. The late Devonian also marked the first tetrapods (four footed animals) -- vertebrates with true legs that could walk on land.

Pangea forms

335 BCE

335 million years ago
The distribution of fossils suggests that other continents were once beside each other. For example, the plant Glossopteris, which flourished almost 300 million years ago, is found in Antarctica, Australia and India as well as Africa and South America. This says that Glossopteris lived at a time when all of these continents were joined in a single super-continent, Pangea. most evidence about Pangea comes from fossils.

Reptiles appeared

300 BCE

300 million years ago
Vertebrates were diversifying and the use of legs was becoming more prominent and becoming a more noticeable feature. The earliest known reptile is Hylonomus lyelli. It is also the first animal known to have fully adapted to life on land succumbing to the Natural selection of life. Hylonomus lived about 315 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous Period.

Age of dinosaurs

230 BCE

Mesozoic era, 230 million years ago Also known as the age of reptiles, this is the age of dinosaurs, all life at this time was either organic life or had legs. it was mainly predominated with amphibians however mammals were not completely non-existent.

Pangea starts to break apart

143 BCE

143 million years ago
Fossils start to show the segregation of certain fossils in this time period. Pangea began to break up. Scientists believe that Pangea broke apart for the same reason that the plates are moving today. The tectonic shift was starting to happen.

Meteor impact, Chicxulub crater, Yucatan, Mexico

65 BCE

mass extinction of dinosaurs, 65 million years ago
The Chicxulub crater was created by a meteorite that crashed into Earth's surface. It was formed by a large asteroid or comet about 11 to 81 kilometres in diameter, the Chicxulub impactor, striking the Earth. The impact was so strong, it allegedly killed all dinosaurs and was the cause of the mass extinction of dinosaurs.

Appearance of placental mammals

63 BCE

63 million years ago
Eutheria, the Placental Mammals. ... And humans, of course, are also placental mammals. Placental mammals all bear live young, which are nourished before birth in the mother's uterus through a specialized embryonic organ attached to the uterus wall, the placenta.

Modern mammals appeared

45 BCE

45 million years ago
Have marked the beginning of the end for dinosaurs, but it was a mere speed bump in the evolution of modern mammals. studies have revealed two major spikes in the otherwise steady evolution of modern mammals, both of which appear to be independent of the dino wipe-out.

Hominids diverge from chimpanzees

6 BCE

6 million years ago