Year 8 History Overview

Middle Ages

500

Cause: The effect of the middle ages was the Decline of the Roman Empire, the rise of the Christian church and lots of educational institutions were lost.
Effect: The effects of the middle ages were the loss of Roman technology such as the ability to move monolithic stones.

Year 8 History Overview

Period: 500 to Jan 1, 1600

King Charlemagne

Jan 1, 747

Cause: Charlemagne spent the early part of his reign on several military campaigns to expand his kingdom. Effect: He invaded Saxony in 772 and eventually achieved its total conquest and conversion to Christianity. He also extended his dominance to the south, conquering the kingdom of the Lombards in northern Italy.

Domesday

Jan 1, 1066

Cause: When William I captured England in 1066 he became King of what was probably the wealthiest and most well-governed kingdom in Western Europe.
Effect: At a time when England was again under threat of invasion, this time from Denmark, finances and men to support his campaigns were crucial. Domesday provided an estimate of the taxation William could expect to receive and the military service he could demand from his lords.

The Crusade

Jan 1, 1099

Cause: The First Crusade played a very important part in Medieval England. The First Crusade was an attempt to re-capture Jerusalem. After the capture of Jerusalem by the Muslims in 1076, any Christian who wanted to pay a pilgrimage to the city faced a very hard time.
Effect: In 1095, Urban spoke to a great crowd at Clermont in France. He called for a war against the Muslims so that Jerusalem was regained for the Christian faith.

The First Crusade

Jan 1, 1099

Cause: The Muslims conquered Syria in the 7th century opening the Holy Land for expansion. The territory, especially Jerusalem, remains sacred to Muslims to this day.
Effect: The Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal threats

Minimoto no Yoritomo

May 9, 1147

Following his victory in the civil wars between his own Minamoto clan and the Taira clan in 1185, Minamoto Yoritomo founded a new system of warrior rule in Kamakura. This ended a period of some 600 years of centralized authority of the imperial court at Kyoto.

Genghis Khan

Nov 2, 1162

Genghis Kahn was born in Mongolia around 1162. He married at age 16, but had many wives during his lifetime. At the age of 20, he began building a large army with the intent to destroy individual tribes in North Asia and unite them under his rule. He was successful. The Mongolian empire was the largest empire in the world before the British Empire, and lasted well after his death in 1227.

Mongol invasion of Japan

Aug 28, 1266

In 1266, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan paused his campaign to subdue all of China. He sent a message to the Emperor of Japan. He addressed the Emperor as a ruler of a small country and advised the Japanese sovereign to pay him tribute at once, or else. The Khan’s emissaries returned from Japan without an answer. Five time over the next six years, Kublai Khan sent his messengers, the Japanese Shogun would not allow them even to land on Honshu, the man island.

Black Death

Apr 10, 1347

The Black Death was one of the worst pandemics in human history. In the 14th century, at least 75 million people died from the tragic plague. The plague originally originated from fleas on rodents in China, the pandemic spread through three continents. In Europe’s cities, hundreds died daily and their bodies were usually thrown in to mass graves.

The Black Death And The Jews

Aug 1, 1348

There was a devastating plague in Europe 1348 which is reported to have killed off 25 million people. By the fall of that year the rumour was current that these deaths was due to an international conspiracy of Jewry to poison Christendom. It was reported that the leaders in the Jewish metropolis of Toledo had initiated the plot and that one of the chief conspirators was Rabbi Peyret.

Black Death reaches England

Aug 1, 1348

The Bubonic Plague started in 1347 in the Black Sea in the Asia Minor. Approximately 20 million people in Europe were killed by this plague. By 1348, August, the plague had reached England, the plague had reached England because the plague was carried by fleas that were transported by stow-away rats on boats that had landed in different ports in different countries.

Bubonic Plague in Central Asia.

Oct 28, 1348

The Black Death was a terrible plague that approximately killed 1.5 million people out of an estimate of 4 million people between the years of 1348 and 1350. It brought many changes to European society in particular. It spanned for approximately 5-6 year and had significant impact on the people of that time leading to numerous short and long term effects.

Recurrence of the Plague

Oct 30, 1369

In 1348, when the black plague had gone, everyone hoped that it had been truly gone. In 1369 the plague broke out again. The plague broke out again because the plague was in the air in hot temperatures. After the plague was completely ended, the wages rose, the prices of agriculture had dropped giving people better loving conditions.

Fall of Constantinople

Sep 4, 1453

The siege of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most heavily fortified cities in the world, took place in 1453. Sultan mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Turks, led the assault. The city was defended by at least 10,000 mean. The Turks had between 100,000 and 150,000 men on their side. The siege lasted for fifty days.

French Invasion Of Italy.

Aug 1, 1494

The Italian wars were a series of violent wars for control of Italy during the period of 1494-1559. Fought largely by France and Spain, but involving much of Europe they resulted in the Spanish Habsburgs dominating Italy and shifted power from Italy to North-Western Europe. The wars began with the invasion of Italy by the French king Charles VIII in 1494.

Mona Lisa

Oct 3, 1503

The Mona Lisa is an oil painting on a popular wood panel by the famous Italian painter, Leonardo Da Vinci. The painting is probably the world’s most popular painting. It was painted between the time span of 1503 and 1506. The painting hands in Louvre Paris.

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Nov 4, 1542

At the time of his birth, Japan was convulsed by civil war, with violent feuds between territorial lords which had lasted for nearly a century. When he was four Ieyasu was sent as a hostage to secure an alliance between his clan and the neighbouring Imagawa clan. He was raised at their court and given the education suitable for a nobleman.

Battle of Nagashino

Jun 28, 1575

The Battle of Nagashino took place on June 28th 1575. The forces of Takeda Katsuyori clashed with the allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu on the Shitaragahara plain near Nagashino Castle, located in central Japan. Takeda Katsuyori was the son of the late great general Takeda Shingen and was ready to try and make a name for himself. Tokugawa Ieyasu owned the lands to the south, along the main avenue of approach through central Japan to Kyoto, the Imperial capital.

Commodore Mathew Perry arrives in Japan

Jul 8, 1853

On July 8, 1853. Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy, sailed into Tokyo harbour and frigate Susquehanna. Perry, on behalf of the U.S. government, forces Japan to enter trade with the United Stated and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. merchant ships.

Viking Expassion

Mar 2, 2022

In the Eighth Century when the Vikings invaded the West of Europe, they attacked from the sea in boats which were perfect for invading and attacking different countries. Charles the Great was made to improve his costal defence in the 9th century because of recent Viking attacks in the city. The Vikings had attacked many empires during the 9th century.